Creating Jobs in South Asia’s Conflict Zones
This paper describes the key challenges to job creation in conflict-affected environments in South Asia. It uses household survey data since the early 2000s for Afghanistan, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka to document the characteristics of labor marke...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/06/16422288/creating-jobs-south-asias-conflict-zones-creating-jobs-south-asias-conflict-zones http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9315 |
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okr-10986-9315 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ABSENTEEISM ADOLESCENTS ADULT LITERACY ARMED CONFLICT ARMED CONFLICTS ARMED FORCES BASIC HEALTH CARE BATTLE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES CHILD SOLDIERS CITIZENS CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR COMBATANTS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CONFLICT CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONFLICTS CONSTRAINT COUNTERTERRORISM CREATING JOBS DEATHS DECADES OF WAR DEMOBILIZATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DISARMAMENT DISPLACEMENT DOMESTIC MARKET DRINKING WATER EARNING EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL SERVICES EMPLOYABLE SKILLS EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT SERVICES EX-COMBATANTS EXCOMBATANTS EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES FAMILY LABOR FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FIGHTING FIRM SIZE FIRM SURVEYS FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN GOODS FORMAL EDUCATION FORMER FIGHTERS FRONTIER HEALTH SERVICES HOST COUNTRY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES ILLITERACY IMPACT OF CONFLICT IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INFORMAL SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INTERNAL CONFLICTS INTERNAL MIGRANTS INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DONORS INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE JOB CREATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET INFORMATION LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS LABOR MARKETS LABOR REGULATION LABOR SUPPLY LAND ISSUES LAND MINES LEGISLATIVE CHANGES LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE MENTAL HEALTH MIGRATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE NATIONALS NATIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF DEATHS OCCUPATION OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PEACE PEACE RESEARCH PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT PERSONAL COMMUNICATION PLACES OF ORIGIN POLICE POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL INSTABILITY POPULATION DATA PRACTITIONERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE COMPANIES PRIVATE COMPANY PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR ACTIVITY PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR JOB PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS PROGRESS PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PUBLIC WORK PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS PUBLIC WORKS PROJECT RADIO REBEL REBELS RECONSTRUCTION REGIONAL CONFLICT REHABILITATION REINTEGRATION PROCESS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURNEES RIGHT-WING ROAD ROADS RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY NET SALARIED WORKERS SANITATION SCHOOL CHILDREN SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVISION SEXUAL VIOLENCE SKILLED LABOR SMALL BUSINESS SMALL ENTERPRISES SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STATE GOVERNMENTS SUPPLIERS TELEVISION TERTIARY EDUCATION TRAINING COMPONENT TRAINING COURSE TRAINING PROGRAMS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS UNSKILLED LABOR URBAN AREAS URBAN WORKERS URBANIZATION VICTIMS VIOLENCE VIOLENT CONFLICT VOCATIONAL TRAINING VULNERABILITY WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE GROWTH WARS WATER SUPPLIES WEAPONS WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE WORKING-AGE POPULATION WORLD DEVELOPMENT YOUNG MEN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT |
| spellingShingle |
ABSENTEEISM ADOLESCENTS ADULT LITERACY ARMED CONFLICT ARMED CONFLICTS ARMED FORCES BASIC HEALTH CARE BATTLE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES CHILD SOLDIERS CITIZENS CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR COMBATANTS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CONFLICT CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONFLICTS CONSTRAINT COUNTERTERRORISM CREATING JOBS DEATHS DECADES OF WAR DEMOBILIZATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DISARMAMENT DISPLACEMENT DOMESTIC MARKET DRINKING WATER EARNING EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL SERVICES EMPLOYABLE SKILLS EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT SERVICES EX-COMBATANTS EXCOMBATANTS EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES FAMILY LABOR FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FIGHTING FIRM SIZE FIRM SURVEYS FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN GOODS FORMAL EDUCATION FORMER FIGHTERS FRONTIER HEALTH SERVICES HOST COUNTRY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES ILLITERACY IMPACT OF CONFLICT IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INFORMAL SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INTERNAL CONFLICTS INTERNAL MIGRANTS INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DONORS INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE JOB CREATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET INFORMATION LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS LABOR MARKETS LABOR REGULATION LABOR SUPPLY LAND ISSUES LAND MINES LEGISLATIVE CHANGES LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE MENTAL HEALTH MIGRATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE NATIONALS NATIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF DEATHS OCCUPATION OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PEACE PEACE RESEARCH PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT PERSONAL COMMUNICATION PLACES OF ORIGIN POLICE POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL INSTABILITY POPULATION DATA PRACTITIONERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE COMPANIES PRIVATE COMPANY PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR ACTIVITY PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR JOB PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS PROGRESS PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PUBLIC WORK PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS PUBLIC WORKS PROJECT RADIO REBEL REBELS RECONSTRUCTION REGIONAL CONFLICT REHABILITATION REINTEGRATION PROCESS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURNEES RIGHT-WING ROAD ROADS RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY NET SALARIED WORKERS SANITATION SCHOOL CHILDREN SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVISION SEXUAL VIOLENCE SKILLED LABOR SMALL BUSINESS SMALL ENTERPRISES SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STATE GOVERNMENTS SUPPLIERS TELEVISION TERTIARY EDUCATION TRAINING COMPONENT TRAINING COURSE TRAINING PROGRAMS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS UNSKILLED LABOR URBAN AREAS URBAN WORKERS URBANIZATION VICTIMS VIOLENCE VIOLENT CONFLICT VOCATIONAL TRAINING VULNERABILITY WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE GROWTH WARS WATER SUPPLIES WEAPONS WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE WORKING-AGE POPULATION WORLD DEVELOPMENT YOUNG MEN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT Iyer, Lakshmi Santos, Indhira Creating Jobs in South Asia’s Conflict Zones |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia South Asia |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6104 |
| description |
This paper describes the key challenges
to job creation in conflict-affected environments in South
Asia. It uses household survey data since the early 2000s
for Afghanistan, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka to document the
characteristics of labor markets in conflict-affected areas,
exploiting the spatial and time variation in armed conflict
within countries. The analysis finds that, across countries,
labor markets look very different in conflict-affected areas
when compared with non-conflict or low-conflict areas.
Employment rates are higher in large part because women
participate more in the labor market, but work tends to be
more vulnerable, with more self-employment and unpaid family
work. The authors show that these differences often pre-date
the conflict but are also exacerbated by it. They also
examine the constraints on the private sector activity in
such areas, using firm surveys when possible. Finally, the
paper reviews the existing literature and the policy
experiences of several countries to draw some policy
implications for job creation efforts in the
conflict-affected areas of South Asia. It particularly
highlights the role of the private sector and community
initiatives, in conjunction with public policies, to improve
the environment for successful job creation. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Iyer, Lakshmi Santos, Indhira |
| author_facet |
Iyer, Lakshmi Santos, Indhira |
| author_sort |
Iyer, Lakshmi |
| title |
Creating Jobs in South Asia’s Conflict Zones |
| title_short |
Creating Jobs in South Asia’s Conflict Zones |
| title_full |
Creating Jobs in South Asia’s Conflict Zones |
| title_fullStr |
Creating Jobs in South Asia’s Conflict Zones |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Creating Jobs in South Asia’s Conflict Zones |
| title_sort |
creating jobs in south asia’s conflict zones |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/06/16422288/creating-jobs-south-asias-conflict-zones-creating-jobs-south-asias-conflict-zones http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9315 |
| _version_ |
1764409292119605248 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-93152021-04-23T14:02:45Z Creating Jobs in South Asia’s Conflict Zones Iyer, Lakshmi Santos, Indhira ABSENTEEISM ADOLESCENTS ADULT LITERACY ARMED CONFLICT ARMED CONFLICTS ARMED FORCES BASIC HEALTH CARE BATTLE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES CHILD SOLDIERS CITIZENS CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR COMBATANTS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CONFLICT CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONFLICTS CONSTRAINT COUNTERTERRORISM CREATING JOBS DEATHS DECADES OF WAR DEMOBILIZATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS DISARMAMENT DISPLACEMENT DOMESTIC MARKET DRINKING WATER EARNING EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL SERVICES EMPLOYABLE SKILLS EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT SERVICES EX-COMBATANTS EXCOMBATANTS EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES FAMILY LABOR FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FIGHTING FIRM SIZE FIRM SURVEYS FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN GOODS FORMAL EDUCATION FORMER FIGHTERS FRONTIER HEALTH SERVICES HOST COUNTRY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES ILLITERACY IMPACT OF CONFLICT IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INFORMAL SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INTERNAL CONFLICTS INTERNAL MIGRANTS INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DONORS INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE JOB CREATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET INFORMATION LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS LABOR MARKET POLICIES LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS LABOR MARKETS LABOR REGULATION LABOR SUPPLY LAND ISSUES LAND MINES LEGISLATIVE CHANGES LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE MENTAL HEALTH MIGRATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE NATIONALS NATIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF DEATHS OCCUPATION OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PEACE PEACE RESEARCH PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT PERSONAL COMMUNICATION PLACES OF ORIGIN POLICE POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL INSTABILITY POPULATION DATA PRACTITIONERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIVATE COMPANIES PRIVATE COMPANY PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR ACTIVITY PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR JOB PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS PROGRESS PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PUBLIC WORK PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS PUBLIC WORKS PROJECT RADIO REBEL REBELS RECONSTRUCTION REGIONAL CONFLICT REHABILITATION REINTEGRATION PROCESS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURNEES RIGHT-WING ROAD ROADS RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY NET SALARIED WORKERS SANITATION SCHOOL CHILDREN SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVISION SEXUAL VIOLENCE SKILLED LABOR SMALL BUSINESS SMALL ENTERPRISES SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STATE GOVERNMENTS SUPPLIERS TELEVISION TERTIARY EDUCATION TRAINING COMPONENT TRAINING COURSE TRAINING PROGRAMS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS UNSKILLED LABOR URBAN AREAS URBAN WORKERS URBANIZATION VICTIMS VIOLENCE VIOLENT CONFLICT VOCATIONAL TRAINING VULNERABILITY WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE GROWTH WARS WATER SUPPLIES WEAPONS WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE WORKING-AGE POPULATION WORLD DEVELOPMENT YOUNG MEN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT This paper describes the key challenges to job creation in conflict-affected environments in South Asia. It uses household survey data since the early 2000s for Afghanistan, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka to document the characteristics of labor markets in conflict-affected areas, exploiting the spatial and time variation in armed conflict within countries. The analysis finds that, across countries, labor markets look very different in conflict-affected areas when compared with non-conflict or low-conflict areas. Employment rates are higher in large part because women participate more in the labor market, but work tends to be more vulnerable, with more self-employment and unpaid family work. The authors show that these differences often pre-date the conflict but are also exacerbated by it. They also examine the constraints on the private sector activity in such areas, using firm surveys when possible. Finally, the paper reviews the existing literature and the policy experiences of several countries to draw some policy implications for job creation efforts in the conflict-affected areas of South Asia. It particularly highlights the role of the private sector and community initiatives, in conjunction with public policies, to improve the environment for successful job creation. 2012-06-29T18:57:42Z 2012-06-29T18:57:42Z 2012-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/06/16422288/creating-jobs-south-asias-conflict-zones-creating-jobs-south-asias-conflict-zones http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9315 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6104 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia South Asia |