Together We Stand? Agglomeration in Indian Manufacturing

This paper uses plant-level data to examine the impact of industrial and trade policy reforms on the geographic concentration of manufacturing industries in India from 1980 to 1999. First, the research shows that de-licensing and liberalization in foreign direct investment significantly reduced spat...

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Main Authors:	Fernandes, Ana M., Sharma, Gunjan
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCOUNTING BARRIER BARRIERS TO COMPETITION BOOK VALUE CENTRALIZATION COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITORS CONDITIONS CONSTRUCTION CONSUMERS COST FUNCTIONS COST REDUCTION COSTS OF PRODUCTION DEREGULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIVIDENDS DOMESTIC MARKET DRIVERS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC CRITERIA ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE REGIME EXPORT MARKETS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN TRADE FREE PRESS GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION GLOBALIZATION GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INDUSTRIAL AREAS INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENTS INDUSTRIAL LOCATION INDUSTRIAL POLICIES INDUSTRIAL POLICY INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE INDUSTRIALISTS INDUSTRIALIZATION INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES LABOR FORCE LABOR MOBILITY LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR RELATIONS LABOUR LICENSE LICENSING MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MARGINAL COST MARKET ACCESS MARKET DISCIPLINE MARKET SHARES MIXED ECONOMY MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MOTIVATION NATURAL RESOURCE OUTPUT OUTPUT RATIO OUTPUTS POLITICAL ECONOMY POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PRIVATE CAPITAL PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROTECTIONISM RATE OF GROWTH RENTS SAVINGS SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SUPPLIERS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES THIRD WORLD TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORMS UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBANIZATION VALUABLE INFORMATION WAGES WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKETS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/05/16258556/together-stand-agglomeration-indian-manufacturing http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9344

id	okr-10986-9344
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-93442021-04-23T14:02:44Z Together We Stand? Agglomeration in Indian Manufacturing Fernandes, Ana M. Sharma, Gunjan ACCOUNTING BARRIER BARRIERS TO COMPETITION BOOK VALUE CENTRALIZATION COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITORS CONDITIONS CONSTRUCTION CONSUMERS COST FUNCTIONS COST REDUCTION COSTS OF PRODUCTION DEREGULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIVIDENDS DOMESTIC MARKET DRIVERS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC CRITERIA ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE REGIME EXPORT MARKETS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN TRADE FREE PRESS GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION GLOBALIZATION GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INDUSTRIAL AREAS INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENTS INDUSTRIAL LOCATION INDUSTRIAL POLICIES INDUSTRIAL POLICY INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE INDUSTRIALISTS INDUSTRIALIZATION INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES LABOR FORCE LABOR MOBILITY LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR RELATIONS LABOUR LICENSE LICENSING MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MARGINAL COST MARKET ACCESS MARKET DISCIPLINE MARKET SHARES MIXED ECONOMY MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MOTIVATION NATURAL RESOURCE OUTPUT OUTPUT RATIO OUTPUTS POLITICAL ECONOMY POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PRIVATE CAPITAL PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROTECTIONISM RATE OF GROWTH RENTS SAVINGS SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SUPPLIERS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES THIRD WORLD TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORMS UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBANIZATION VALUABLE INFORMATION WAGES WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKETS This paper uses plant-level data to examine the impact of industrial and trade policy reforms on the geographic concentration of manufacturing industries in India from 1980 to 1999. First, the research shows that de-licensing and liberalization in foreign direct investment significantly reduced spatial concentration, but trade reforms had no significant effect on spatial concentration. Second, plants respond differently to policy reforms based on their size. Liberalization in foreign direct investment and de-licensing caused small plants to disperse, while trade liberalization had the opposite effect. However, for large plants trade liberalization led to lower spatial concentration. 2012-06-29T21:31:16Z 2012-06-29T21:31:16Z 2012-05 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/05/16258556/together-stand-agglomeration-indian-manufacturing http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9344 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6062 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCOUNTING BARRIER BARRIERS TO COMPETITION BOOK VALUE CENTRALIZATION COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITORS CONDITIONS CONSTRUCTION CONSUMERS COST FUNCTIONS COST REDUCTION COSTS OF PRODUCTION DEREGULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIVIDENDS DOMESTIC MARKET DRIVERS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC CRITERIA ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE REGIME EXPORT MARKETS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN TRADE FREE PRESS GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION GLOBALIZATION GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INDUSTRIAL AREAS INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENTS INDUSTRIAL LOCATION INDUSTRIAL POLICIES INDUSTRIAL POLICY INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE INDUSTRIALISTS INDUSTRIALIZATION INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES LABOR FORCE LABOR MOBILITY LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR RELATIONS LABOUR LICENSE LICENSING MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MARGINAL COST MARKET ACCESS MARKET DISCIPLINE MARKET SHARES MIXED ECONOMY MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MOTIVATION NATURAL RESOURCE OUTPUT OUTPUT RATIO OUTPUTS POLITICAL ECONOMY POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PRIVATE CAPITAL PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROTECTIONISM RATE OF GROWTH RENTS SAVINGS SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SUPPLIERS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES THIRD WORLD TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORMS UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBANIZATION VALUABLE INFORMATION WAGES WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKETS
spellingShingle	ACCOUNTING BARRIER BARRIERS TO COMPETITION BOOK VALUE CENTRALIZATION COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITORS CONDITIONS CONSTRUCTION CONSUMERS COST FUNCTIONS COST REDUCTION COSTS OF PRODUCTION DEREGULATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIVIDENDS DOMESTIC MARKET DRIVERS ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC CRITERIA ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE REGIME EXPORT MARKETS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN TRADE FREE PRESS GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION GLOBALIZATION GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INDUSTRIAL AREAS INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENTS INDUSTRIAL LOCATION INDUSTRIAL POLICIES INDUSTRIAL POLICY INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE INDUSTRIALISTS INDUSTRIALIZATION INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORIES LABOR FORCE LABOR MOBILITY LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR RELATIONS LABOUR LICENSE LICENSING MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MARGINAL COST MARKET ACCESS MARKET DISCIPLINE MARKET SHARES MIXED ECONOMY MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MOTIVATION NATURAL RESOURCE OUTPUT OUTPUT RATIO OUTPUTS POLITICAL ECONOMY POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PRIVATE CAPITAL PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROTECTIONISM RATE OF GROWTH RENTS SAVINGS SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SUPPLIERS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES THIRD WORLD TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORMS UNSKILLED LABOR UNSKILLED WORKERS URBANIZATION VALUABLE INFORMATION WAGES WORLD ECONOMY WORLD MARKETS Fernandes, Ana M. Sharma, Gunjan Together We Stand? Agglomeration in Indian Manufacturing
geographic_facet	South Asia India
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6062
description	This paper uses plant-level data to examine the impact of industrial and trade policy reforms on the geographic concentration of manufacturing industries in India from 1980 to 1999. First, the research shows that de-licensing and liberalization in foreign direct investment significantly reduced spatial concentration, but trade reforms had no significant effect on spatial concentration. Second, plants respond differently to policy reforms based on their size. Liberalization in foreign direct investment and de-licensing caused small plants to disperse, while trade liberalization had the opposite effect. However, for large plants trade liberalization led to lower spatial concentration.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Fernandes, Ana M. Sharma, Gunjan
author_facet	Fernandes, Ana M. Sharma, Gunjan
author_sort	Fernandes, Ana M.
title	Together We Stand? Agglomeration in Indian Manufacturing
title_short	Together We Stand? Agglomeration in Indian Manufacturing
title_full	Together We Stand? Agglomeration in Indian Manufacturing
title_fullStr	Together We Stand? Agglomeration in Indian Manufacturing
title_full_unstemmed	Together We Stand? Agglomeration in Indian Manufacturing
title_sort	together we stand? agglomeration in indian manufacturing
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/05/16258556/together-stand-agglomeration-indian-manufacturing http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9344
_version_	1764409209216040960

Together We Stand? Agglomeration in Indian Manufacturing

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