Is the Baby to Blame? An Inquiry into the Consequences of Early Childbearing
Teenage pregnancy has been a cause of concern for policy makers because it is associated with a complex and often adverse social context for women. It is seen as the cause of lower social and economic achievement for mothers and their children, and as the potential determinant of inter-generational...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/05/16274522/baby-blame-inquiry-consequences-early-childbearing http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9345 |
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okr-10986-9345 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABORTION ABORTION RATE ADOLESCENCE ADOLESCENT ADOLESCENT CHILDBEARING ADOLESCENT MOTHER ADOLESCENT MOTHERS ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY ADOLESCENT PREGNANT WOMEN ADOLESCENT YEARS ADOLESCENTS ADULTHOOD AGE AT MENARCHE BABIES BABY CARE DURING PREGNANCY CHILD BEARING CLANDESTINE ABORTION COMPLICATIONS CONCEPTION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY EARLY CHILDBEARING EARLY PREGNANCY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES EQUALITY EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY FORMATION FATHER FATHERS FEMALE FERTILITY FETUS FIRST BIRTH GIRLS GYNECOLOGISTS HEALTH INFORMATION HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HOUSEHOLD LEVEL INDUCED ABORTION INDUCED ABORTIONS INFANT INFANT DEATHS INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAST MENSTRUAL PERIOD LIVE BIRTH LIVE BIRTHS MARITAL STATUS MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL PERSONNEL MEDICAL SERVICES MENSTRUAL PERIODS MISCARRIAGE MISCARRIAGES MORTALITY MOTHER NUMBER OF ABORTIONS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF WOMEN OBSTETRICS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR HEALTH PREGNANCIES PREGNANCY DURING ADOLESCENCE PREGNANCY TESTS PREGNANT WOMAN PREGNANT WOMEN PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRESS RADIO RISK FACTORS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION SEX SEXUAL ACTIVITY SEXUAL RELATIONS SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL PROGRAMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOCIAL WELFARE SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SPOUSE SPOUSES STERILIZATION STILLBIRTH TEEN TEEN PREGNANCY TEENAGE CHILDBEARING TEENAGE FERTILITY TEENAGE MOTHER TEENAGE MOTHERS TEENAGE PREGNANCY TEENAGER TEENAGERS TEENS TV UNIONS USE OF CONTRACEPTION WIFE WILL WOMAN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG WOMEN YOUNGER WOMEN |
| spellingShingle |
ABORTION ABORTION RATE ADOLESCENCE ADOLESCENT ADOLESCENT CHILDBEARING ADOLESCENT MOTHER ADOLESCENT MOTHERS ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY ADOLESCENT PREGNANT WOMEN ADOLESCENT YEARS ADOLESCENTS ADULTHOOD AGE AT MENARCHE BABIES BABY CARE DURING PREGNANCY CHILD BEARING CLANDESTINE ABORTION COMPLICATIONS CONCEPTION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY EARLY CHILDBEARING EARLY PREGNANCY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES EQUALITY EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY FORMATION FATHER FATHERS FEMALE FERTILITY FETUS FIRST BIRTH GIRLS GYNECOLOGISTS HEALTH INFORMATION HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HOUSEHOLD LEVEL INDUCED ABORTION INDUCED ABORTIONS INFANT INFANT DEATHS INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAST MENSTRUAL PERIOD LIVE BIRTH LIVE BIRTHS MARITAL STATUS MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL PERSONNEL MEDICAL SERVICES MENSTRUAL PERIODS MISCARRIAGE MISCARRIAGES MORTALITY MOTHER NUMBER OF ABORTIONS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF WOMEN OBSTETRICS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR HEALTH PREGNANCIES PREGNANCY DURING ADOLESCENCE PREGNANCY TESTS PREGNANT WOMAN PREGNANT WOMEN PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRESS RADIO RISK FACTORS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION SEX SEXUAL ACTIVITY SEXUAL RELATIONS SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL PROGRAMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOCIAL WELFARE SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SPOUSE SPOUSES STERILIZATION STILLBIRTH TEEN TEEN PREGNANCY TEENAGE CHILDBEARING TEENAGE FERTILITY TEENAGE MOTHER TEENAGE MOTHERS TEENAGE PREGNANCY TEENAGER TEENAGERS TEENS TV UNIONS USE OF CONTRACEPTION WIFE WILL WOMAN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG WOMEN YOUNGER WOMEN Azevedo, Joao Pedro Lopez-Calva, Luis F. Perova, Elizaveta Is the Baby to Blame? An Inquiry into the Consequences of Early Childbearing |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean United States Mexico |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6074 |
| description |
Teenage pregnancy has been a cause of concern for policy makers because it is associated with a complex and often adverse social context for women. It is seen as the cause of lower social and economic achievement for mothers and their children, and as the potential determinant of inter-generational poverty traps. However, the question of whether pregnancy -- and the subsequent rearing of a child -- is actually the trigger of poverty, higher dependence on social welfare and/ or other undesirable social and economic consequences has not been studied in developing countries with enough rigor to establish a causal relation. This paper follows a methodology previously applied in the United States, using Mexican data from the National Survey of Demographic Dynamics, to exploit information about miscarriages as an instrument to identify the long-term consequences of early child bearing. Thus, the paper takes the advantage of a natural experiment: it compares the outcomes of women who became pregnant in adolescence, and gave birth, to outcomes of women who became pregnant in adolescence and miscarried. This approach only allows for estimating the costs of adolescent childbearing for teenagers in a risk group, that is, teenagers who are likely to experience a pregnancy. The results are consistent with findings in the United States, suggesting that, contrary to popular thinking, adolescent childbearing does not hamper significantly the lifelong opportunities of the young mothers. Actually, women who gave birth during their adolescence have on average 0.34 more years of education, and are 21 percentage points more likely to be employed, compared with their counterparts who miscarried. The results also suggest, however, greater dependence on social welfare among women who gave birth during adolescence: their social assistance income is 36 percent higher, and they are more likely to participate in social programs, especially the conditional cash transfer program Oportunidades. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Azevedo, Joao Pedro Lopez-Calva, Luis F. Perova, Elizaveta |
| author_facet |
Azevedo, Joao Pedro Lopez-Calva, Luis F. Perova, Elizaveta |
| author_sort |
Azevedo, Joao Pedro |
| title |
Is the Baby to Blame? An Inquiry into the Consequences of Early Childbearing |
| title_short |
Is the Baby to Blame? An Inquiry into the Consequences of Early Childbearing |
| title_full |
Is the Baby to Blame? An Inquiry into the Consequences of Early Childbearing |
| title_fullStr |
Is the Baby to Blame? An Inquiry into the Consequences of Early Childbearing |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Is the Baby to Blame? An Inquiry into the Consequences of Early Childbearing |
| title_sort |
is the baby to blame? an inquiry into the consequences of early childbearing |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/05/16274522/baby-blame-inquiry-consequences-early-childbearing http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9345 |
| _version_ |
1764409213109403648 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-93452021-04-23T14:02:45Z Is the Baby to Blame? An Inquiry into the Consequences of Early Childbearing Azevedo, Joao Pedro Lopez-Calva, Luis F. Perova, Elizaveta ABORTION ABORTION RATE ADOLESCENCE ADOLESCENT ADOLESCENT CHILDBEARING ADOLESCENT MOTHER ADOLESCENT MOTHERS ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY ADOLESCENT PREGNANT WOMEN ADOLESCENT YEARS ADOLESCENTS ADULTHOOD AGE AT MENARCHE BABIES BABY CARE DURING PREGNANCY CHILD BEARING CLANDESTINE ABORTION COMPLICATIONS CONCEPTION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY EARLY CHILDBEARING EARLY PREGNANCY ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES EQUALITY EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY FORMATION FATHER FATHERS FEMALE FERTILITY FETUS FIRST BIRTH GIRLS GYNECOLOGISTS HEALTH INFORMATION HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HOUSEHOLD LEVEL INDUCED ABORTION INDUCED ABORTIONS INFANT INFANT DEATHS INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAST MENSTRUAL PERIOD LIVE BIRTH LIVE BIRTHS MARITAL STATUS MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL PERSONNEL MEDICAL SERVICES MENSTRUAL PERIODS MISCARRIAGE MISCARRIAGES MORTALITY MOTHER NUMBER OF ABORTIONS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF WOMEN OBSTETRICS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR HEALTH PREGNANCIES PREGNANCY DURING ADOLESCENCE PREGNANCY TESTS PREGNANT WOMAN PREGNANT WOMEN PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRESS RADIO RISK FACTORS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION SEX SEXUAL ACTIVITY SEXUAL RELATIONS SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL PROGRAMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOCIAL WELFARE SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SPOUSE SPOUSES STERILIZATION STILLBIRTH TEEN TEEN PREGNANCY TEENAGE CHILDBEARING TEENAGE FERTILITY TEENAGE MOTHER TEENAGE MOTHERS TEENAGE PREGNANCY TEENAGER TEENAGERS TEENS TV UNIONS USE OF CONTRACEPTION WIFE WILL WOMAN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG WOMEN YOUNGER WOMEN Teenage pregnancy has been a cause of concern for policy makers because it is associated with a complex and often adverse social context for women. It is seen as the cause of lower social and economic achievement for mothers and their children, and as the potential determinant of inter-generational poverty traps. However, the question of whether pregnancy -- and the subsequent rearing of a child -- is actually the trigger of poverty, higher dependence on social welfare and/ or other undesirable social and economic consequences has not been studied in developing countries with enough rigor to establish a causal relation. This paper follows a methodology previously applied in the United States, using Mexican data from the National Survey of Demographic Dynamics, to exploit information about miscarriages as an instrument to identify the long-term consequences of early child bearing. Thus, the paper takes the advantage of a natural experiment: it compares the outcomes of women who became pregnant in adolescence, and gave birth, to outcomes of women who became pregnant in adolescence and miscarried. This approach only allows for estimating the costs of adolescent childbearing for teenagers in a risk group, that is, teenagers who are likely to experience a pregnancy. The results are consistent with findings in the United States, suggesting that, contrary to popular thinking, adolescent childbearing does not hamper significantly the lifelong opportunities of the young mothers. Actually, women who gave birth during their adolescence have on average 0.34 more years of education, and are 21 percentage points more likely to be employed, compared with their counterparts who miscarried. The results also suggest, however, greater dependence on social welfare among women who gave birth during adolescence: their social assistance income is 36 percent higher, and they are more likely to participate in social programs, especially the conditional cash transfer program Oportunidades. 2012-06-29T21:40:44Z 2012-06-29T21:40:44Z 2012-05 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/05/16274522/baby-blame-inquiry-consequences-early-childbearing http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9345 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 6074 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean United States Mexico |