Air pollutants in Malaysia : the contribution of economic growth towards it / Halimahton Borhan and Elsadig Musa Ahmed

It is possible to distinguish three main channels whereby income growth affects the quality of the environment as first suggested by Grossman (1995). These are (1) scale effect, (2) composition effect and (3) techn ologi cal pr ogr ess. A recent resear ch criticism by Cole (2003 and 2004) of the en...

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Main Authors:	Borhan, Halimahton, Ahmed, Elsadig Musa
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Research Management Institute (RMI) 2008
Subjects:	Income. Income distribution. National income. Including gross national product, gross domestic product, and gross state product Special types of environment. Including soil pollution, air pollution, noise pollution
Online Access:	http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/13051/ http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/13051/1/AJ_HALIMAHTON%20BORHAN%20SMRJ%2008%201.pdf

id	uitm-13051
recordtype	eprints
spelling	uitm-130512016-06-17T07:51:00Z http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/13051/ Air pollutants in Malaysia : the contribution of economic growth towards it / Halimahton Borhan and Elsadig Musa Ahmed Borhan, Halimahton Ahmed, Elsadig Musa Income. Income distribution. National income. Including gross national product, gross domestic product, and gross state product Special types of environment. Including soil pollution, air pollution, noise pollution It is possible to distinguish three main channels whereby income growth affects the quality of the environment as first suggested by Grossman (1995). These are (1) scale effect, (2) composition effect and (3) techn ologi cal pr ogr ess. A recent resear ch criticism by Cole (2003 and 2004) of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is based on the occurrence of foreign direct investment and international trade. In the previous EKC literature. EKC is always estimated in the form of a single equation. However, since both income and environmental quality are endogenous variables in which they impact upon each other, the estimation of single equation relationships where simultaneity exists will produce biased and inconsistent estimates. The general objective ofthis study is to measure the relationship between economic growth and different indicators ofair pollution in Malaysia. Air pollution indicators were assessed on a number of measures: Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO). Nitrogen Dioxide (NO). Ozone (0) and Particulat e Matter (PM,). The income level per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product) were measured from the year 1996 to 2006 quarterly. This study contributes to the available literature by Hung et al (2004) AND Shen (2006), This study also estimates population density as an endogenous variable. It formulates a four- equation simultaneous model for empirical research. It tests for exogeneity using the Hausman test and estimates the simultaneity model using the two-stages least squares method. The EKC hypothesis is supported in the cases ofso] and PM/oand there are several differences found between single polynomial equation estimators commonly used in EKC literatures and simultaneous equation estimators. Research Management Institute (RMI) 2008 Article PeerReviewed text en http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/13051/1/AJ_HALIMAHTON%20BORHAN%20SMRJ%2008%201.pdf Borhan, Halimahton and Ahmed, Elsadig Musa (2008) Air pollutants in Malaysia : the contribution of economic growth towards it / Halimahton Borhan and Elsadig Musa Ahmed. Social and Management Research Journal, 5 (1). pp. 123-140. ISSN 1675-7017
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
building	UiTM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	Income. Income distribution. National income. Including gross national product, gross domestic product, and gross state product Special types of environment. Including soil pollution, air pollution, noise pollution
spellingShingle	Income. Income distribution. National income. Including gross national product, gross domestic product, and gross state product Special types of environment. Including soil pollution, air pollution, noise pollution Borhan, Halimahton Ahmed, Elsadig Musa Air pollutants in Malaysia : the contribution of economic growth towards it / Halimahton Borhan and Elsadig Musa Ahmed
description	It is possible to distinguish three main channels whereby income growth affects the quality of the environment as first suggested by Grossman (1995). These are (1) scale effect, (2) composition effect and (3) techn ologi cal pr ogr ess. A recent resear ch criticism by Cole (2003 and 2004) of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is based on the occurrence of foreign direct investment and international trade. In the previous EKC literature. EKC is always estimated in the form of a single equation. However, since both income and environmental quality are endogenous variables in which they impact upon each other, the estimation of single equation relationships where simultaneity exists will produce biased and inconsistent estimates. The general objective ofthis study is to measure the relationship between economic growth and different indicators ofair pollution in Malaysia. Air pollution indicators were assessed on a number of measures: Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO). Nitrogen Dioxide (NO). Ozone (0) and Particulat e Matter (PM,). The income level per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product) were measured from the year 1996 to 2006 quarterly. This study contributes to the available literature by Hung et al (2004) AND Shen (2006), This study also estimates population density as an endogenous variable. It formulates a four- equation simultaneous model for empirical research. It tests for exogeneity using the Hausman test and estimates the simultaneity model using the two-stages least squares method. The EKC hypothesis is supported in the cases ofso] and PM/oand there are several differences found between single polynomial equation estimators commonly used in EKC literatures and simultaneous equation estimators.
format	Article
author	Borhan, Halimahton Ahmed, Elsadig Musa
author_facet	Borhan, Halimahton Ahmed, Elsadig Musa
author_sort	Borhan, Halimahton
title	Air pollutants in Malaysia : the contribution of economic growth towards it / Halimahton Borhan and Elsadig Musa Ahmed
title_short	Air pollutants in Malaysia : the contribution of economic growth towards it / Halimahton Borhan and Elsadig Musa Ahmed
title_full	Air pollutants in Malaysia : the contribution of economic growth towards it / Halimahton Borhan and Elsadig Musa Ahmed
title_fullStr	Air pollutants in Malaysia : the contribution of economic growth towards it / Halimahton Borhan and Elsadig Musa Ahmed
title_full_unstemmed	Air pollutants in Malaysia : the contribution of economic growth towards it / Halimahton Borhan and Elsadig Musa Ahmed
title_sort	air pollutants in malaysia : the contribution of economic growth towards it / halimahton borhan and elsadig musa ahmed
publisher	Research Management Institute (RMI)
publishDate	2008
url	http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/13051/ http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/13051/1/AJ_HALIMAHTON%20BORHAN%20SMRJ%2008%201.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:49:45Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:49:45Z
_version_	1777417464747917312

Air pollutants in Malaysia : the contribution of economic growth towards it / Halimahton Borhan and Elsadig Musa Ahmed

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