Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad

Although there were several studies regarding the benefits of soybean to health, only a few focused on neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, the role of fermented soybean has not been documented as neuroprotective agent. The present study is therefore aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects...

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Main Author:	Ahmad, Aliya
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2013
Subjects:	Pharmacognosy. Pharmaceutical substances (Plant, animal, and inorganic)
Online Access:	http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15560/ http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15560/1/TM_ALIYA%20AHMAD%20PH%2013_5.pdf

id	uitm-15560
recordtype	eprints
spelling	uitm-155602016-12-02T03:51:07Z http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15560/ Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad Ahmad, Aliya Pharmacognosy. Pharmaceutical substances (Plant, animal, and inorganic) Although there were several studies regarding the benefits of soybean to health, only a few focused on neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, the role of fermented soybean has not been documented as neuroprotective agent. The present study is therefore aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects of total isoflavones from soybean and tempeh extracts. Total isoflavones were extracted from soybean and tempeh. The methanolic extracts were subjected to HPLC analysis to quantify the amount of isoflavones present in soybean and tempeh. The animal study was set up for two models as normal and scopolamine-induced (dementia model). The rats (n=6) were given oral administration of soybean and tempeh extracts (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), piracetam (400 mg/kg) as standard and normal saline as control for 15 days. Both models were tested for radial arm maze task (RAM) and elevated plus maze (EPM) task for the measurement of memory and learning behavior. On 30th day, after the behavior study and treatment, the animals were sacrificed. The brain and serum were collected for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) measurement. For neuroinflammatory analysis, two cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1P) were also measured. The HPLC analysis showed that tempeh possessed higher aglycone level which indicated higher bioavailability as compared to soybean glycoside. The results of the in vitro studies highlighted that tempeh extract exerted more radical scavenging effect and ferrous ion chelating as compared to soybean extract. For p-secretase (BACE1) inhibition, tempeh extract also showed a lower IC50 value as compared to soybean extract although not enough evidence to statistically significant. In vivo memory models, showed significant improvement of memory enhancing by both extracts as compared to control in both normal and scopolamine-induced models. Significant values (p < 0.05) were higher in tempeh treated groups. Similarly, the improvement of antioxidants SOD, CAT, GSH, GR and reduction in oxidative parameters LPO and NO were higher in tempeh compared to control. Furthermore, higher cholinergic activity such as improved the Ach level and declined the AChE activity were observed in tempeh as compared to control. For the inflammatory study, IL-10 was significantly up-regulated while IL-ip was significantly down-regulated in both soybean and tempeh treated group as compared to control and scopolamine group. This suggested soybean and tempeh as a beneficial food for anti-inflammation within the brain. As a conclusion, tempeh extract exerted higher neuroprotective activities than soybean. Hence, consumption of tempeh, is more health beneficial than soybean. 2013 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15560/1/TM_ALIYA%20AHMAD%20PH%2013_5.pdf Ahmad, Aliya (2013) Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad. Masters thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA.
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
building	UiTM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	Pharmacognosy. Pharmaceutical substances (Plant, animal, and inorganic)
spellingShingle	Pharmacognosy. Pharmaceutical substances (Plant, animal, and inorganic) Ahmad, Aliya Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad
description	Although there were several studies regarding the benefits of soybean to health, only a few focused on neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, the role of fermented soybean has not been documented as neuroprotective agent. The present study is therefore aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects of total isoflavones from soybean and tempeh extracts. Total isoflavones were extracted from soybean and tempeh. The methanolic extracts were subjected to HPLC analysis to quantify the amount of isoflavones present in soybean and tempeh. The animal study was set up for two models as normal and scopolamine-induced (dementia model). The rats (n=6) were given oral administration of soybean and tempeh extracts (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), piracetam (400 mg/kg) as standard and normal saline as control for 15 days. Both models were tested for radial arm maze task (RAM) and elevated plus maze (EPM) task for the measurement of memory and learning behavior. On 30th day, after the behavior study and treatment, the animals were sacrificed. The brain and serum were collected for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) measurement. For neuroinflammatory analysis, two cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1P) were also measured. The HPLC analysis showed that tempeh possessed higher aglycone level which indicated higher bioavailability as compared to soybean glycoside. The results of the in vitro studies highlighted that tempeh extract exerted more radical scavenging effect and ferrous ion chelating as compared to soybean extract. For p-secretase (BACE1) inhibition, tempeh extract also showed a lower IC50 value as compared to soybean extract although not enough evidence to statistically significant. In vivo memory models, showed significant improvement of memory enhancing by both extracts as compared to control in both normal and scopolamine-induced models. Significant values (p < 0.05) were higher in tempeh treated groups. Similarly, the improvement of antioxidants SOD, CAT, GSH, GR and reduction in oxidative parameters LPO and NO were higher in tempeh compared to control. Furthermore, higher cholinergic activity such as improved the Ach level and declined the AChE activity were observed in tempeh as compared to control. For the inflammatory study, IL-10 was significantly up-regulated while IL-ip was significantly down-regulated in both soybean and tempeh treated group as compared to control and scopolamine group. This suggested soybean and tempeh as a beneficial food for anti-inflammation within the brain. As a conclusion, tempeh extract exerted higher neuroprotective activities than soybean. Hence, consumption of tempeh, is more health beneficial than soybean.
format	Thesis
author	Ahmad, Aliya
author_facet	Ahmad, Aliya
author_sort	Ahmad, Aliya
title	Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad
title_short	Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad
title_full	Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad
title_fullStr	Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad
title_sort	comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / aliya ahmad
publishDate	2013
url	http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15560/ http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15560/1/TM_ALIYA%20AHMAD%20PH%2013_5.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:54:07Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:54:07Z
_version_	1777417739634212864

Comparative study on neuroprotective effects of soybean and tempeh extracts / Aliya Ahmad

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