Ground clutter model for Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) with Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands in tropical region / Nor Najwa Ismail

Ground clutter model for Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) with Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands in tropical region / Nor Najwa Ismail

The lack of traditional radar system during this era is the inefficient to detect targets that occupied with radar absorbing material (RAM) coating. Forward scatter radar (FSR) was introduced to overcome the problem by operating via shadowing concept. The target is detected when it crosses the basel...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Ismail, Nor Najwa
Format: Book Section
Language:English
Published: Institute of Graduate Studies, UiTM 2018
Subjects:
Radar
Online Access:http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/22240/
http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/22240/1/ABS_NOR%20NAJWA%20ISMAIL%20TDRA%20VOL%2014%20IGS%2018.pdf
id uitm-22240
recordtype eprints
spelling uitm-222402019-01-15T03:02:51Z http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/22240/ Ground clutter model for Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) with Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands in tropical region / Nor Najwa Ismail Ismail, Nor Najwa Radar The lack of traditional radar system during this era is the inefficient to detect targets that occupied with radar absorbing material (RAM) coating. Forward scatter radar (FSR) was introduced to overcome the problem by operating via shadowing concept. The target is detected when it crosses the baseline of the transmitter and receiver of the sensor where it creates a Doppler signal to the transmitted electromagnetic wave. Equipped with omnidirectional antennas, FSR is able to form a fencing system that is useful for situational awareness not only for normal targets, but also for stealth targets. However, as the system utilized omnidirectional antennas, positioned on the ground as well as the lack of range resolution due to its configuration, the captured signal from desired target also collect the unwanted signal from the surrounding. This unwanted signal is one of the interference signal known as clutter. Clutter signal will cause false alarm during the operation. Subsequently, it is necessary for the user to indentify the characteristics of the clutter occurred in order to differentiate the signal between the target and the clutter signal. From the characteristics analysis, a clutter model can be developed to generate a simulated clutter signal as a reference signal during the operation. This thesis presents a clutter model for four (4) types of profiles in tropical region, which are seaside, forest, two-profile and free space area. The operating frequencies used to measure the clutter signals are 64, 151 and 434 MHz. There are four (4) levels of clutter strength; low, medium, strong and very strong that are divided based on the wind speed occurred during the measurements. The measured clutter signals are conformed to distribution models, such as Log-Normal, Log-Logistic, Gamma and Weibull distribution using curve fitting approach. This is to ensure the best fitted model which is validated by using goodness-of-fit (GOF) test namely root mean square error (RMSE), where the smallest error indicates the best model. At the end of the analysis, the simulated signals are compared with the measured signals in terms of its Doppler signal with the error below than 10%. The type of model obtained for the simulated signal with its shape factor is also compared to the model obtained from the measured signal. As for this thesis, only measured clutter signal for very strong seaside clutter is discussed due to number of results. It is found that 64 MHz clutter signal fits best to Weibull distribution and the error between the measured and simulated signal is 0.42%, 151 MHz clutter signal fits best to Gamma distribution with 3.42% error and Log-Logistic distribution suits best to 434 MHz clutter signal and the error is 7.69%. It is also found that there is a big difference between clutter model from United Kingdom and clutter model from this research. Lastly, a graphic user interface (GUI) is developed to generate the simulated signal by choosing the operating frequency, type of clutter strength and type of profile. Institute of Graduate Studies, UiTM 2018 Book Section PeerReviewed text en http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/22240/1/ABS_NOR%20NAJWA%20ISMAIL%20TDRA%20VOL%2014%20IGS%2018.pdf Ismail, Nor Najwa (2018) Ground clutter model for Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) with Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands in tropical region / Nor Najwa Ismail. In: The Doctoral Research Abstracts. IPSis Biannual Publication, 14 (14). Institute of Graduate Studies, UiTM, Shah Alam.
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Local University
institution Universiti Teknologi MARA
building UiTM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
language English
topic Radar
spellingShingle Radar
Ismail, Nor Najwa
Ground clutter model for Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) with Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands in tropical region / Nor Najwa Ismail
description The lack of traditional radar system during this era is the inefficient to detect targets that occupied with radar absorbing material (RAM) coating. Forward scatter radar (FSR) was introduced to overcome the problem by operating via shadowing concept. The target is detected when it crosses the baseline of the transmitter and receiver of the sensor where it creates a Doppler signal to the transmitted electromagnetic wave. Equipped with omnidirectional antennas, FSR is able to form a fencing system that is useful for situational awareness not only for normal targets, but also for stealth targets. However, as the system utilized omnidirectional antennas, positioned on the ground as well as the lack of range resolution due to its configuration, the captured signal from desired target also collect the unwanted signal from the surrounding. This unwanted signal is one of the interference signal known as clutter. Clutter signal will cause false alarm during the operation. Subsequently, it is necessary for the user to indentify the characteristics of the clutter occurred in order to differentiate the signal between the target and the clutter signal. From the characteristics analysis, a clutter model can be developed to generate a simulated clutter signal as a reference signal during the operation. This thesis presents a clutter model for four (4) types of profiles in tropical region, which are seaside, forest, two-profile and free space area. The operating frequencies used to measure the clutter signals are 64, 151 and 434 MHz. There are four (4) levels of clutter strength; low, medium, strong and very strong that are divided based on the wind speed occurred during the measurements. The measured clutter signals are conformed to distribution models, such as Log-Normal, Log-Logistic, Gamma and Weibull distribution using curve fitting approach. This is to ensure the best fitted model which is validated by using goodness-of-fit (GOF) test namely root mean square error (RMSE), where the smallest error indicates the best model. At the end of the analysis, the simulated signals are compared with the measured signals in terms of its Doppler signal with the error below than 10%. The type of model obtained for the simulated signal with its shape factor is also compared to the model obtained from the measured signal. As for this thesis, only measured clutter signal for very strong seaside clutter is discussed due to number of results. It is found that 64 MHz clutter signal fits best to Weibull distribution and the error between the measured and simulated signal is 0.42%, 151 MHz clutter signal fits best to Gamma distribution with 3.42% error and Log-Logistic distribution suits best to 434 MHz clutter signal and the error is 7.69%. It is also found that there is a big difference between clutter model from United Kingdom and clutter model from this research. Lastly, a graphic user interface (GUI) is developed to generate the simulated signal by choosing the operating frequency, type of clutter strength and type of profile.
format Book Section
author Ismail, Nor Najwa
author_facet Ismail, Nor Najwa
author_sort Ismail, Nor Najwa
title Ground clutter model for Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) with Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands in tropical region / Nor Najwa Ismail
title_short Ground clutter model for Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) with Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands in tropical region / Nor Najwa Ismail
title_full Ground clutter model for Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) with Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands in tropical region / Nor Najwa Ismail
title_fullStr Ground clutter model for Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) with Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands in tropical region / Nor Najwa Ismail
title_full_unstemmed Ground clutter model for Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) with Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands in tropical region / Nor Najwa Ismail
title_sort ground clutter model for forward scatter radar (fsr) with very high frequency (vhf) and ultra high frequency (uhf) bands in tropical region / nor najwa ismail
publisher Institute of Graduate Studies, UiTM
publishDate 2018
url http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/22240/
http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/22240/1/ABS_NOR%20NAJWA%20ISMAIL%20TDRA%20VOL%2014%20IGS%2018.pdf
first_indexed 2023-09-18T23:08:14Z
last_indexed 2023-09-18T23:08:14Z
_version_ 1777418627973120000

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