Spectrophotometric method for hydroquinone determination in skin whitening products / Nur Farehah Azhar

Hydroquinone is belongs to phenolic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula of C6H4 (OH)2. Hydroquinone is commonly used as skin whitening agent in cosmetic products. It has the ability to make the skin appear fairer. Hence, the amount of hydroquinone in cosmetic products must be anal...

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Main Author:	Azhar, Nur Farehah
Format:	Student Project
Language:	English
Published:	Faculty Of Applied Sciences 2019
Subjects:	Analytical chemistry
Online Access:	http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/25371/ http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/25371/1/PPb_NUR%20FAREHAH%20AZHAR%20AS%20C%2019_5.PDF

id	uitm-25371
recordtype	eprints
spelling	uitm-253712019-08-28T07:13:58Z http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/25371/ Spectrophotometric method for hydroquinone determination in skin whitening products / Nur Farehah Azhar Azhar, Nur Farehah Analytical chemistry Hydroquinone is belongs to phenolic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula of C6H4 (OH)2. Hydroquinone is commonly used as skin whitening agent in cosmetic products. It has the ability to make the skin appear fairer. Hence, the amount of hydroquinone in cosmetic products must be analyzed. The presence of hydroquinone that exceeds the permitted level of 2 % in cosmetic products is toxic for human. Therefore, a sensitive, accurate, simple, rapid and low cost analytical method is required for the determination of hydroquinone. The spectrophotometric method has been proposed for the quantitative analysis of hydroquinone. The calibration curve was linear from 2 mg L-1 to 12 mg L-1 of hydroquinone with a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9999. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained was 0.25 mg L-1 . The precisions in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD) were 4.44 %, 2.22 % and 0.00 % for 2 mg L-1 hydroquinone in consecutive three days. Meanwhile, the RSD were 0.86 %, 2.52 % and 1.71 % for 5 mg L-1.Lastly, for concentration of 8 mg L-1 the RSD were 0.00 %, 1.05 % and 0.53 %. The range of recovery achieved for 2 and 4 mg L-1 of hydroquinone standard solution in the skin whitening product were 99.18 % and 94.25 % respectively. The all tested skin whitening products contain hydroquinone below 2 % except for one product which is Collagen Plus (night cream) that slightly exceed the limit with 2.06 %. So, it can be concluded that this proposed method is accurate, simple, fast, low cost and has a potential to be an alternative method for routine analysis of hydroquinone in cosmetic samples. Faculty Of Applied Sciences 2019 Student Project NonPeerReviewed text en http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/25371/1/PPb_NUR%20FAREHAH%20AZHAR%20AS%20C%2019_5.PDF Azhar, Nur Farehah (2019) Spectrophotometric method for hydroquinone determination in skin whitening products / Nur Farehah Azhar. [Student Project] (Unpublished)
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
building	UiTM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	Analytical chemistry
spellingShingle	Analytical chemistry Azhar, Nur Farehah Spectrophotometric method for hydroquinone determination in skin whitening products / Nur Farehah Azhar
description	Hydroquinone is belongs to phenolic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula of C6H4 (OH)2. Hydroquinone is commonly used as skin whitening agent in cosmetic products. It has the ability to make the skin appear fairer. Hence, the amount of hydroquinone in cosmetic products must be analyzed. The presence of hydroquinone that exceeds the permitted level of 2 % in cosmetic products is toxic for human. Therefore, a sensitive, accurate, simple, rapid and low cost analytical method is required for the determination of hydroquinone. The spectrophotometric method has been proposed for the quantitative analysis of hydroquinone. The calibration curve was linear from 2 mg L-1 to 12 mg L-1 of hydroquinone with a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9999. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained was 0.25 mg L-1 . The precisions in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD) were 4.44 %, 2.22 % and 0.00 % for 2 mg L-1 hydroquinone in consecutive three days. Meanwhile, the RSD were 0.86 %, 2.52 % and 1.71 % for 5 mg L-1.Lastly, for concentration of 8 mg L-1 the RSD were 0.00 %, 1.05 % and 0.53 %. The range of recovery achieved for 2 and 4 mg L-1 of hydroquinone standard solution in the skin whitening product were 99.18 % and 94.25 % respectively. The all tested skin whitening products contain hydroquinone below 2 % except for one product which is Collagen Plus (night cream) that slightly exceed the limit with 2.06 %. So, it can be concluded that this proposed method is accurate, simple, fast, low cost and has a potential to be an alternative method for routine analysis of hydroquinone in cosmetic samples.
format	Student Project
author	Azhar, Nur Farehah
author_facet	Azhar, Nur Farehah
author_sort	Azhar, Nur Farehah
title	Spectrophotometric method for hydroquinone determination in skin whitening products / Nur Farehah Azhar
title_short	Spectrophotometric method for hydroquinone determination in skin whitening products / Nur Farehah Azhar
title_full	Spectrophotometric method for hydroquinone determination in skin whitening products / Nur Farehah Azhar
title_fullStr	Spectrophotometric method for hydroquinone determination in skin whitening products / Nur Farehah Azhar
title_full_unstemmed	Spectrophotometric method for hydroquinone determination in skin whitening products / Nur Farehah Azhar
title_sort	spectrophotometric method for hydroquinone determination in skin whitening products / nur farehah azhar
publisher	Faculty Of Applied Sciences
publishDate	2019
url	http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/25371/ http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/25371/1/PPb_NUR%20FAREHAH%20AZHAR%20AS%20C%2019_5.PDF
first_indexed	2023-09-18T23:14:36Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T23:14:36Z
_version_	1777419027823460352

Spectrophotometric method for hydroquinone determination in skin whitening products / Nur Farehah Azhar

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