Production of liquid fuels from thermal cracking of palm oil in the presence of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent / Sharifah Noor Munirah Syed Mohamed Yunus

Production of liquid fuels from thermal cracking of palm oil in the presence of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent / Sharifah Noor Munirah Syed Mohamed Yunus

The search for alternatives to petroleum based fuels has led to the development of fuels from various sources, including renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oils. Cracking of vegetable oils is one of the invented processes to improve the yield of liquid fuels. However, the current study more conc...

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Main Author: Syed Mohamed Yunus, Sharifah Noor Munirah
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2016
Subjects:
Physical and theoretical chemistry
Online Access:http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27520/
http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27520/1/TM_SHARIFAH%20NOOR%20MUNIRAH%20SYED%20MOHAMED%20YUNUS%20EH%2016_5.pdf
id uitm-27520
recordtype eprints
spelling uitm-275202020-01-21T04:01:20Z http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27520/ Production of liquid fuels from thermal cracking of palm oil in the presence of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent / Sharifah Noor Munirah Syed Mohamed Yunus Syed Mohamed Yunus, Sharifah Noor Munirah Physical and theoretical chemistry The search for alternatives to petroleum based fuels has led to the development of fuels from various sources, including renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oils. Cracking of vegetable oils is one of the invented processes to improve the yield of liquid fuels. However, the current study more concentrated on the catalytic cracking since the reaction would give high conversion with high yield of liquid fuels product. The use of this method on the industrial scale is limited by the high cost of catalyst. Therefore, to solve this problem, the natural granite was used as a thermal cracking agent since the availability of natural granite in market is more economically compare the used of catalysts. The purpose of this research is to study the potential of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent in thermal cracking for the production of liquid fuels from palm oil with physical and chemical properties similar to gasoline and comparing with ASTM specifications. The natural granite was characterized with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) methods to characterize the physical and chemical properties. The thermal cracking of palm oil was conducted in a batch reactor under atmospheric pressure for a 4 hour reaction time with the effect of thermal cracking with and without natural granite, different size (<1 cm, 2-3 cm and > 3 cm) and loading of natural granite (1,3 and 5 kg). The conversion reached to a maximum value of 60 wt%, 14.4 wt% of total liquid and 6.4 wt% of liquid fuels for olein. The liquid fuels essentially consisted of C5-C18 of hydrocarbons. 3 kg of natural granite considered the best amount with high selectivity of light hydrocarbon. All physical properties of liquid fuels like calorific value, kinematic viscosity, flash point, water content, density, and elemental analysis were comparable with commercial gasoline and can be used as alternative fuels. Analysis of the liquid fuels indicates that thermal cracking of palm oil with natural granite as a thermal cracking agent are promising, cost effectively and more profitable due to energy saving. 2016 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27520/1/TM_SHARIFAH%20NOOR%20MUNIRAH%20SYED%20MOHAMED%20YUNUS%20EH%2016_5.pdf Syed Mohamed Yunus, Sharifah Noor Munirah (2016) Production of liquid fuels from thermal cracking of palm oil in the presence of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent / Sharifah Noor Munirah Syed Mohamed Yunus. Masters thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA.
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Local University
institution Universiti Teknologi MARA
building UiTM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
language English
topic Physical and theoretical chemistry
spellingShingle Physical and theoretical chemistry
Syed Mohamed Yunus, Sharifah Noor Munirah
Production of liquid fuels from thermal cracking of palm oil in the presence of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent / Sharifah Noor Munirah Syed Mohamed Yunus
description The search for alternatives to petroleum based fuels has led to the development of fuels from various sources, including renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oils. Cracking of vegetable oils is one of the invented processes to improve the yield of liquid fuels. However, the current study more concentrated on the catalytic cracking since the reaction would give high conversion with high yield of liquid fuels product. The use of this method on the industrial scale is limited by the high cost of catalyst. Therefore, to solve this problem, the natural granite was used as a thermal cracking agent since the availability of natural granite in market is more economically compare the used of catalysts. The purpose of this research is to study the potential of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent in thermal cracking for the production of liquid fuels from palm oil with physical and chemical properties similar to gasoline and comparing with ASTM specifications. The natural granite was characterized with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) methods to characterize the physical and chemical properties. The thermal cracking of palm oil was conducted in a batch reactor under atmospheric pressure for a 4 hour reaction time with the effect of thermal cracking with and without natural granite, different size (<1 cm, 2-3 cm and > 3 cm) and loading of natural granite (1,3 and 5 kg). The conversion reached to a maximum value of 60 wt%, 14.4 wt% of total liquid and 6.4 wt% of liquid fuels for olein. The liquid fuels essentially consisted of C5-C18 of hydrocarbons. 3 kg of natural granite considered the best amount with high selectivity of light hydrocarbon. All physical properties of liquid fuels like calorific value, kinematic viscosity, flash point, water content, density, and elemental analysis were comparable with commercial gasoline and can be used as alternative fuels. Analysis of the liquid fuels indicates that thermal cracking of palm oil with natural granite as a thermal cracking agent are promising, cost effectively and more profitable due to energy saving.
format Thesis
author Syed Mohamed Yunus, Sharifah Noor Munirah
author_facet Syed Mohamed Yunus, Sharifah Noor Munirah
author_sort Syed Mohamed Yunus, Sharifah Noor Munirah
title Production of liquid fuels from thermal cracking of palm oil in the presence of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent / Sharifah Noor Munirah Syed Mohamed Yunus
title_short Production of liquid fuels from thermal cracking of palm oil in the presence of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent / Sharifah Noor Munirah Syed Mohamed Yunus
title_full Production of liquid fuels from thermal cracking of palm oil in the presence of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent / Sharifah Noor Munirah Syed Mohamed Yunus
title_fullStr Production of liquid fuels from thermal cracking of palm oil in the presence of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent / Sharifah Noor Munirah Syed Mohamed Yunus
title_full_unstemmed Production of liquid fuels from thermal cracking of palm oil in the presence of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent / Sharifah Noor Munirah Syed Mohamed Yunus
title_sort production of liquid fuels from thermal cracking of palm oil in the presence of natural granite as a thermal cracking agent / sharifah noor munirah syed mohamed yunus
publishDate 2016
url http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27520/
http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27520/1/TM_SHARIFAH%20NOOR%20MUNIRAH%20SYED%20MOHAMED%20YUNUS%20EH%2016_5.pdf
first_indexed 2023-09-18T23:18:32Z
last_indexed 2023-09-18T23:18:32Z
_version_ 1777419275182538752

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