Pharmacoethics values and factors affecting them : a comparison between community pharmacists in Malaysia and the United States of America / Wan Sazrina Wan Zaid

Pharmacoethics values and factors affecting them : a comparison between community pharmacists in Malaysia and the United States of America / Wan Sazrina Wan Zaid

Community pharmacists claimed to encounter conflict between professionalism and business interest. This study examined the ethical compliances of community pharmacists in Malaysia and the USA; to devise an instrument to study Pharmacoethics Values among community pharmacists based on the Code of Con...

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Main Author: Wan Zaid, Wan Sazrina
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2010
Subjects:
Study and teaching
Pharmaceutical ethics
Online Access:http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/5495/
http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/5495/1/TP_WAN%20SAZRINA%20WAN%20ZAID%20PH%2010_5%201.pdf
id uitm-5495
recordtype eprints
spelling uitm-54952016-11-26T07:19:50Z http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/5495/ Pharmacoethics values and factors affecting them : a comparison between community pharmacists in Malaysia and the United States of America / Wan Sazrina Wan Zaid Wan Zaid, Wan Sazrina Study and teaching Pharmaceutical ethics Community pharmacists claimed to encounter conflict between professionalism and business interest. This study examined the ethical compliances of community pharmacists in Malaysia and the USA; to devise an instrument to study Pharmacoethics Values among community pharmacists based on the Code of Conduct for Pharmacists and Bodies Corporate by the Pharmacy Board of Malaysia; and to find out the factors contributing to the low Pharmacoethics Values among the community pharmacists in both countries. The novel pharmacoethics devise, which was constructed and tested for its validity and reliability using exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha (a) value and test-retest, was mail-sent to all 1426 registered community pharmacists in Malaysia and 120 hand-delivered and immediately collected, to conveniently chosen respondents in the USA. Data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 12.0. Accordingly, descriptive statistics, Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U or Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data and test at the 0.05 level of significance. In Malaysia, out of 1242 questionnaires delivered, 266 responded with consent. Factor analysis yielded four ethical domains, which were then named Business Practice, Ethical Practice, Professional Practice and Personal Attitude. Demographically, ownership status (Malaysia=56.8% pharmacy owner, USA=58.3% pharmacist only); type and size of pharmacy outlets; levels of income; and ethics exposure during undergraduate training (Malaysia=64.3%, USA=94.2%) were significantly different between Malaysia and the USA. The other findings were that the community pharmacists in the USA significantly behaved more ethically than the community pharmacists in Malaysia in two of the pharmacoethics dimensions, namely Ethical Practice and Personal Attitude. The Pharmacoethics Values were in the range of 'mostly compliant' for all four pharmacoethics dimensions for the USA and two pharmacoethics dimensions for Malaysia and 'moderately compliant' for the other two. 2010 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/5495/1/TP_WAN%20SAZRINA%20WAN%20ZAID%20PH%2010_5%201.pdf Wan Zaid, Wan Sazrina (2010) Pharmacoethics values and factors affecting them : a comparison between community pharmacists in Malaysia and the United States of America / Wan Sazrina Wan Zaid. PhD thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA.
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Local University
institution Universiti Teknologi MARA
building UiTM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
language English
topic Study and teaching
Pharmaceutical ethics
spellingShingle Study and teaching
Pharmaceutical ethics
Wan Zaid, Wan Sazrina
Pharmacoethics values and factors affecting them : a comparison between community pharmacists in Malaysia and the United States of America / Wan Sazrina Wan Zaid
description Community pharmacists claimed to encounter conflict between professionalism and business interest. This study examined the ethical compliances of community pharmacists in Malaysia and the USA; to devise an instrument to study Pharmacoethics Values among community pharmacists based on the Code of Conduct for Pharmacists and Bodies Corporate by the Pharmacy Board of Malaysia; and to find out the factors contributing to the low Pharmacoethics Values among the community pharmacists in both countries. The novel pharmacoethics devise, which was constructed and tested for its validity and reliability using exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha (a) value and test-retest, was mail-sent to all 1426 registered community pharmacists in Malaysia and 120 hand-delivered and immediately collected, to conveniently chosen respondents in the USA. Data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 12.0. Accordingly, descriptive statistics, Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U or Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data and test at the 0.05 level of significance. In Malaysia, out of 1242 questionnaires delivered, 266 responded with consent. Factor analysis yielded four ethical domains, which were then named Business Practice, Ethical Practice, Professional Practice and Personal Attitude. Demographically, ownership status (Malaysia=56.8% pharmacy owner, USA=58.3% pharmacist only); type and size of pharmacy outlets; levels of income; and ethics exposure during undergraduate training (Malaysia=64.3%, USA=94.2%) were significantly different between Malaysia and the USA. The other findings were that the community pharmacists in the USA significantly behaved more ethically than the community pharmacists in Malaysia in two of the pharmacoethics dimensions, namely Ethical Practice and Personal Attitude. The Pharmacoethics Values were in the range of 'mostly compliant' for all four pharmacoethics dimensions for the USA and two pharmacoethics dimensions for Malaysia and 'moderately compliant' for the other two.
format Thesis
author Wan Zaid, Wan Sazrina
author_facet Wan Zaid, Wan Sazrina
author_sort Wan Zaid, Wan Sazrina
title Pharmacoethics values and factors affecting them : a comparison between community pharmacists in Malaysia and the United States of America / Wan Sazrina Wan Zaid
title_short Pharmacoethics values and factors affecting them : a comparison between community pharmacists in Malaysia and the United States of America / Wan Sazrina Wan Zaid
title_full Pharmacoethics values and factors affecting them : a comparison between community pharmacists in Malaysia and the United States of America / Wan Sazrina Wan Zaid
title_fullStr Pharmacoethics values and factors affecting them : a comparison between community pharmacists in Malaysia and the United States of America / Wan Sazrina Wan Zaid
title_full_unstemmed Pharmacoethics values and factors affecting them : a comparison between community pharmacists in Malaysia and the United States of America / Wan Sazrina Wan Zaid
title_sort pharmacoethics values and factors affecting them : a comparison between community pharmacists in malaysia and the united states of america / wan sazrina wan zaid
publishDate 2010
url http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/5495/
http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/5495/1/TP_WAN%20SAZRINA%20WAN%20ZAID%20PH%2010_5%201.pdf
first_indexed 2023-09-18T22:47:08Z
last_indexed 2023-09-18T22:47:08Z
_version_ 1777417300000899072

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