Management of tomato damping-off using natural plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and selected fungicides in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq

Management of tomato damping-off using natural plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and selected fungicides in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq

Tomato seedlings were found epidemically infected with damping-off disease at four locations (Kanimasyan, Kanishaban, Kanisev and Qzlja), in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq during May 2011. The highest occurrence of disease incidence was observed in Kanimasyan (56%). Fusarium oxys...

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Main Authors: Ismael, Jalal H.S., Mahmood, Shler H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Malaysian Society of Applied Biology 2016
Online Access:http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11797/
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11797/
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11797/1/45_1_04.pdf
id ukm-11797
recordtype eprints
spelling ukm-117972018-06-29T08:06:44Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11797/ Management of tomato damping-off using natural plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and selected fungicides in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq Ismael, Jalal H.S. Mahmood, Shler H. Tomato seedlings were found epidemically infected with damping-off disease at four locations (Kanimasyan, Kanishaban, Kanisev and Qzlja), in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq during May 2011. The highest occurrence of disease incidence was observed in Kanimasyan (56%). Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht), F. solani (Mart.) Sacc., F. acuminatum (Ell. and Ev.), F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. compactum, Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn), Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., Phoma lycopersici (Kleb), and Cephalosporium sp. were isolated from the infected plants and proved pathogenicity on tomato seeds (cv. Super Queen). Fusarium oxysporum and R. solani showed the highest level of seedling damping-off, with largest effect on decreasing the quality of seedling's vigor. Extracts of H. triquetrifolium, E. billardieri and C. rotundus at (20, 30, 40, 45 mg ml-¹) showed inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of all pathogenic fungi. In vitro plant extract of C. rotundus revealed the highest inhibitory effects on fungal growth at 45 mg ml-¹. Fungicide of Keenol at 50 ppm proved to be chemostatic against all pathogens. T. harzianum appeared to be an important antagonistic agent against mycelial growth. Management of the disease was carried out in greenhouse using (H. triquetrifolium, Vitavax 200, T. harzianum and Keenol). It was found that the combination of (H. triquetrifolium + keenol) and (T. harzianum + H. triquetrifolium) showed impressive effects on plant height, dry and fresh weight when compared to the other treatments and control. Malaysian Society of Applied Biology 2016-06 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11797/1/45_1_04.pdf Ismael, Jalal H.S. and Mahmood, Shler H. (2016) Management of tomato damping-off using natural plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and selected fungicides in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq. Malaysian Applied Biology, 45 (1). pp. 35-48. ISSN 0126-8643 http://www.mabjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=555&catid=59:current-view&Itemid=56
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Local University
institution Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia
building UKM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
language English
description Tomato seedlings were found epidemically infected with damping-off disease at four locations (Kanimasyan, Kanishaban, Kanisev and Qzlja), in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq during May 2011. The highest occurrence of disease incidence was observed in Kanimasyan (56%). Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht), F. solani (Mart.) Sacc., F. acuminatum (Ell. and Ev.), F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. compactum, Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn), Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., Phoma lycopersici (Kleb), and Cephalosporium sp. were isolated from the infected plants and proved pathogenicity on tomato seeds (cv. Super Queen). Fusarium oxysporum and R. solani showed the highest level of seedling damping-off, with largest effect on decreasing the quality of seedling's vigor. Extracts of H. triquetrifolium, E. billardieri and C. rotundus at (20, 30, 40, 45 mg ml-¹) showed inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of all pathogenic fungi. In vitro plant extract of C. rotundus revealed the highest inhibitory effects on fungal growth at 45 mg ml-¹. Fungicide of Keenol at 50 ppm proved to be chemostatic against all pathogens. T. harzianum appeared to be an important antagonistic agent against mycelial growth. Management of the disease was carried out in greenhouse using (H. triquetrifolium, Vitavax 200, T. harzianum and Keenol). It was found that the combination of (H. triquetrifolium + keenol) and (T. harzianum + H. triquetrifolium) showed impressive effects on plant height, dry and fresh weight when compared to the other treatments and control.
format Article
author Ismael, Jalal H.S.
Mahmood, Shler H.
spellingShingle Ismael, Jalal H.S.
Mahmood, Shler H.
Management of tomato damping-off using natural plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and selected fungicides in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq
author_facet Ismael, Jalal H.S.
Mahmood, Shler H.
author_sort Ismael, Jalal H.S.
title Management of tomato damping-off using natural plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and selected fungicides in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq
title_short Management of tomato damping-off using natural plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and selected fungicides in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq
title_full Management of tomato damping-off using natural plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and selected fungicides in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq
title_fullStr Management of tomato damping-off using natural plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and selected fungicides in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq
title_full_unstemmed Management of tomato damping-off using natural plant extracts, Trichoderma harzianum and selected fungicides in Penjween, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan, Iraq
title_sort management of tomato damping-off using natural plant extracts, trichoderma harzianum and selected fungicides in penjween, sulaimani governorate, kurdistan, iraq
publisher Malaysian Society of Applied Biology
publishDate 2016
url http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11797/
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11797/
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11797/1/45_1_04.pdf
first_indexed 2023-09-18T20:01:10Z
last_indexed 2023-09-18T20:01:10Z
_version_ 1777406857984344064

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