Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst

Levulinic acid (LA) is one of biomass derived building block chemicals with various applications. Catalytic esterification of LA with alkyl alcohol produces levulinate ester which can be applied as fragrance, flavouring agents, as well as fuel additives. In this study, a series of sulfated silica (S...

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Main Authors:	Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli, Nur Irsalina Hisham, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2018
Online Access:	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/12117/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/12117/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/12117/1/08%20%20Nur%20Aainaa%20Syahirah%20Ramli.pdf

id	ukm-12117
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spelling	ukm-121172018-09-28T22:02:04Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/12117/ Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli, Nur Irsalina Hisham, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin, Levulinic acid (LA) is one of biomass derived building block chemicals with various applications. Catalytic esterification of LA with alkyl alcohol produces levulinate ester which can be applied as fragrance, flavouring agents, as well as fuel additives. In this study, a series of sulfated silica (SiO2) catalyst was prepared by modification of SiO2 with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different concentrations; 0.5 M to 5 M H2SO4. The catalysts were characterized, and tested for esterification of LA with ethanol to ethyl levulinate (EL). The effect of various reaction parameters including reaction time, catalyst loading and molar ratio of LA to ethanol on esterification of LA to EL were inspected. The catalyst with high concentration of acid sites seemed suitable for LA esterification to EL. Among the sulfated SiO2 catalysts tested (0.5 M-SiO2, 1 M-SiO2, 3 M-SiO2 and 5 M-SiO2), 3 M-SiO2 exhibited the highest performance with the optimum EL yield of 54% for reaction conducted at reflux temperature for 4 h, 30% 3 M-SiO2 loading and LA to ethanol molar ratio of 1:20. Besides, the reusability of 3 M-SiO2 catalyst for LA esterification with ethanol was examined for five cycles. Esterification of LA with methanol and 1-butanol were also carried out for methyl levulinate (ML) and butyl levulinate (BL) productions with 69% and 40% of ML and BL yields, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of sulfated SiO2 catalyst for levulinate ester production from LA at mild process condition. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2018-06 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/12117/1/08%20%20Nur%20Aainaa%20Syahirah%20Ramli.pdf Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli, and Nur Irsalina Hisham, and Nor Aishah Saidina Amin, (2018) Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst. Sains Malaysiana, 47 (6). pp. 1131-1138. ISSN 0126-6039 http://www.ukm.my/jsm/malay_journals/jilid47bil6_2018/KandunganJilid47Bil6_2018.html
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia
building	UKM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
description	Levulinic acid (LA) is one of biomass derived building block chemicals with various applications. Catalytic esterification of LA with alkyl alcohol produces levulinate ester which can be applied as fragrance, flavouring agents, as well as fuel additives. In this study, a series of sulfated silica (SiO2) catalyst was prepared by modification of SiO2 with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different concentrations; 0.5 M to 5 M H2SO4. The catalysts were characterized, and tested for esterification of LA with ethanol to ethyl levulinate (EL). The effect of various reaction parameters including reaction time, catalyst loading and molar ratio of LA to ethanol on esterification of LA to EL were inspected. The catalyst with high concentration of acid sites seemed suitable for LA esterification to EL. Among the sulfated SiO2 catalysts tested (0.5 M-SiO2, 1 M-SiO2, 3 M-SiO2 and 5 M-SiO2), 3 M-SiO2 exhibited the highest performance with the optimum EL yield of 54% for reaction conducted at reflux temperature for 4 h, 30% 3 M-SiO2 loading and LA to ethanol molar ratio of 1:20. Besides, the reusability of 3 M-SiO2 catalyst for LA esterification with ethanol was examined for five cycles. Esterification of LA with methanol and 1-butanol were also carried out for methyl levulinate (ML) and butyl levulinate (BL) productions with 69% and 40% of ML and BL yields, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of sulfated SiO2 catalyst for levulinate ester production from LA at mild process condition.
format	Article
author	Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli, Nur Irsalina Hisham, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin,
spellingShingle	Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli, Nur Irsalina Hisham, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin, Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst
author_facet	Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli, Nur Irsalina Hisham, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin,
author_sort	Nur Aainaa Syahirah Ramli,
title	Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst
title_short	Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst
title_full	Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst
title_fullStr	Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst
title_full_unstemmed	Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst
title_sort	esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst
publisher	Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate	2018
url	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/12117/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/12117/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/12117/1/08%20%20Nur%20Aainaa%20Syahirah%20Ramli.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T20:01:54Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T20:01:54Z
_version_	1777406903864786944

Esterification of levulinic acid to levulinate esters in the presence of sulfated silica catalyst

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