Impacts of 2009 typhoons on seawater properties and top layer Ocean’s structure in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Passing over the ocean surface, typhoon absorbs heat from the sea water as it needs the heat as its ‘fuel’. The process is via evaporation of water. Subsequently, the sea surface temperature (SST) in that area will significantly decrease. Due to strong typhoon wind water is evaporated from the surfa...

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Main Authors:	Dayang Siti Maryam Mohd Hanan, Than Aung, Ejria Saleh
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2015
Online Access:	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8299/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8299/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8299/1/02_Dayang__Siti_Maryam.pdf

id	ukm-8299
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ukm-82992016-12-14T06:46:49Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8299/ Impacts of 2009 typhoons on seawater properties and top layer Ocean’s structure in the Northwest Pacific Ocean Dayang Siti Maryam Mohd Hanan, Than Aung, Ejria Saleh, Passing over the ocean surface, typhoon absorbs heat from the sea water as it needs the heat as its ‘fuel’. The process is via evaporation of water. Subsequently, the sea surface temperature (SST) in that area will significantly decrease. Due to strong typhoon wind water is evaporated from the surface layer of the ocean, the amount of water mass in that area is lost, but the same amount of salt will remain, causing sea surface salinity (SSS) to increase. Strong winds induced by typhoons will also cause turbulence in the water, causing entrainment, where cold deeper water is brought up to the surface layer of the ocean, which will consequently increase its SSS and change the isothermal layer and mixed layer depth (MLD). Here, isothermal layer means the ocean layer where temperature is almost constant and MLD is the depth where salinity is almost constant. This paper focuses on the effect of typhoons on SST, SSS, isothermal layer and MLD by taking 15 typhoons in the Northwest Pacific throughout 2009 typhoon season (typhoons Lupit and Ketsana are used as examples in results) into consideration. Temperature and salinity data from selected Array of Regional Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) floats close to the individual typhoon’s track are used in this study. The results showed that SST decreased up to 2.97°C; SSS increased up to 0.44 pss and majority of the typhoons showed deepening of isothermal layer (between 39.8 m and 4.6 m) and MLD (between 69.6 and 4.6 m) after the passage of typhoons. Passing of each individual typhoon also removed significant amount of heat energy from the affected area. The highest amount of heat of 841 MJ m-2 to the lowest of 30 MJ m-2 was calculated during the study period. For comparison purpose, an equivalent amount of electrical energy in kWh is also calculated using the amount of heat removed by the typhoons. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2015-02 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8299/1/02_Dayang__Siti_Maryam.pdf Dayang Siti Maryam Mohd Hanan, and Than Aung, and Ejria Saleh, (2015) Impacts of 2009 typhoons on seawater properties and top layer Ocean’s structure in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Sains Malaysiana, 44 (2). pp. 167-173. ISSN 0126-6039 http://www.ukm.my/jsm/
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia
building	UKM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
description	Passing over the ocean surface, typhoon absorbs heat from the sea water as it needs the heat as its ‘fuel’. The process is via evaporation of water. Subsequently, the sea surface temperature (SST) in that area will significantly decrease. Due to strong typhoon wind water is evaporated from the surface layer of the ocean, the amount of water mass in that area is lost, but the same amount of salt will remain, causing sea surface salinity (SSS) to increase. Strong winds induced by typhoons will also cause turbulence in the water, causing entrainment, where cold deeper water is brought up to the surface layer of the ocean, which will consequently increase its SSS and change the isothermal layer and mixed layer depth (MLD). Here, isothermal layer means the ocean layer where temperature is almost constant and MLD is the depth where salinity is almost constant. This paper focuses on the effect of typhoons on SST, SSS, isothermal layer and MLD by taking 15 typhoons in the Northwest Pacific throughout 2009 typhoon season (typhoons Lupit and Ketsana are used as examples in results) into consideration. Temperature and salinity data from selected Array of Regional Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) floats close to the individual typhoon’s track are used in this study. The results showed that SST decreased up to 2.97°C; SSS increased up to 0.44 pss and majority of the typhoons showed deepening of isothermal layer (between 39.8 m and 4.6 m) and MLD (between 69.6 and 4.6 m) after the passage of typhoons. Passing of each individual typhoon also removed significant amount of heat energy from the affected area. The highest amount of heat of 841 MJ m-2 to the lowest of 30 MJ m-2 was calculated during the study period. For comparison purpose, an equivalent amount of electrical energy in kWh is also calculated using the amount of heat removed by the typhoons.
format	Article
author	Dayang Siti Maryam Mohd Hanan, Than Aung, Ejria Saleh,
spellingShingle	Dayang Siti Maryam Mohd Hanan, Than Aung, Ejria Saleh, Impacts of 2009 typhoons on seawater properties and top layer Ocean’s structure in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
author_facet	Dayang Siti Maryam Mohd Hanan, Than Aung, Ejria Saleh,
author_sort	Dayang Siti Maryam Mohd Hanan,
title	Impacts of 2009 typhoons on seawater properties and top layer Ocean’s structure in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
title_short	Impacts of 2009 typhoons on seawater properties and top layer Ocean’s structure in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
title_full	Impacts of 2009 typhoons on seawater properties and top layer Ocean’s structure in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
title_fullStr	Impacts of 2009 typhoons on seawater properties and top layer Ocean’s structure in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
title_full_unstemmed	Impacts of 2009 typhoons on seawater properties and top layer Ocean’s structure in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
title_sort	impacts of 2009 typhoons on seawater properties and top layer ocean’s structure in the northwest pacific ocean
publisher	Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
publishDate	2015
url	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8299/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8299/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/8299/1/02_Dayang__Siti_Maryam.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T19:52:02Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T19:52:02Z
_version_	1777406283468505088

Impacts of 2009 typhoons on seawater properties and top layer Ocean’s structure in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

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