Synthesis of bio-lubricant by esterification of pelargonic acid with 2-ethylhexanol over amberlyst 36

In recent years, the demand of bio-lubricant has greatly increased due to the environmental and sustainability issue created by mineral oil based lubricant. This study addresses the issue of low oxidative stability of the current bio lubricant by substituting one of the raw materials with saturated...

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Main Author:	Teck Huai, Ng
Format:	Undergraduates Project Papers
Language:	English English English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/1/FKKSA%20-%20NG%20TECK%20HUAI%20%28CD8932%29.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/2/FKKSA%20-%20NG%20TECK%20HUAI%20%28CD8932%29%20CHAP%201.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/3/FKKSA%20-%20NG%20TECK%20HUAI%20%28CD8932%29%20CHAP%203.pdf

id	ump-11030
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-110302015-11-03T00:02:11Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/ Synthesis of bio-lubricant by esterification of pelargonic acid with 2-ethylhexanol over amberlyst 36 Teck Huai, Ng TP Chemical technology In recent years, the demand of bio-lubricant has greatly increased due to the environmental and sustainability issue created by mineral oil based lubricant. This study addresses the issue of low oxidative stability of the current bio lubricant by substituting one of the raw materials with saturated base oil. Homogeneous catalyst employed in the current production process is also replaced by Amberlyst 36, a heterogeneous catalyst to eliminate the complications in product separation and the occurrence of side reaction. This work presents the synthesis of bio-lubricant, 2-ethylhexyl pelargonate through the esterification of pelargonic acid and 2-ethylhexanol. In this study, a batch reactor completed with dean stark apparatus was used to study the effect of important operating parameters such as mixing speed, temperature, reactant ratio and catalyst loading. The samples withdrawn were titrated for its total acid number (TAN) and the best condition to achieve highest conversion was attained. It was found that the mixing speed of 300rpm has minimised the external mass transfer resistances. Under the external diffusion-free regime, the maximum conversion, 96% was achieved at the temperature of 140oC, catalyst loading of 2.5wt% and reactant molar ratio of pelargonic acid to 2-ethylhexanol of 1:5. The bio-lubricant produced possessed the kinematic viscosity of 4.44 cSt at 40oC and 1.92 cSt at 100oC with a viscosity index of 366.247. The excellent viscosity properties are better than current commercial petro-lubricant and bio-lubricant available. However, the cloud point and pour point of 2-ethylhexyl pelargonate were observed at -18oC and -24 oC respectively which were still not in par with the commercial petro-lubricant although better than current bio-lubricant available. It is recommended that this work can be further studied by addition of additive e.g. antioxidant to enhance its lubrication properties and commercialised due to its high potential to replace petro-lubricant. 2015-01 Undergraduates Project Papers NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/1/FKKSA%20-%20NG%20TECK%20HUAI%20%28CD8932%29.pdf application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/2/FKKSA%20-%20NG%20TECK%20HUAI%20%28CD8932%29%20CHAP%201.pdf application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/3/FKKSA%20-%20NG%20TECK%20HUAI%20%28CD8932%29%20CHAP%203.pdf Teck Huai, Ng (2015) Synthesis of bio-lubricant by esterification of pelargonic acid with 2-ethylhexanol over amberlyst 36. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang. http://iportal.ump.edu.my/lib/item?id=chamo:91202&theme=UMP2
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English English English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Teck Huai, Ng Synthesis of bio-lubricant by esterification of pelargonic acid with 2-ethylhexanol over amberlyst 36
description	In recent years, the demand of bio-lubricant has greatly increased due to the environmental and sustainability issue created by mineral oil based lubricant. This study addresses the issue of low oxidative stability of the current bio lubricant by substituting one of the raw materials with saturated base oil. Homogeneous catalyst employed in the current production process is also replaced by Amberlyst 36, a heterogeneous catalyst to eliminate the complications in product separation and the occurrence of side reaction. This work presents the synthesis of bio-lubricant, 2-ethylhexyl pelargonate through the esterification of pelargonic acid and 2-ethylhexanol. In this study, a batch reactor completed with dean stark apparatus was used to study the effect of important operating parameters such as mixing speed, temperature, reactant ratio and catalyst loading. The samples withdrawn were titrated for its total acid number (TAN) and the best condition to achieve highest conversion was attained. It was found that the mixing speed of 300rpm has minimised the external mass transfer resistances. Under the external diffusion-free regime, the maximum conversion, 96% was achieved at the temperature of 140oC, catalyst loading of 2.5wt% and reactant molar ratio of pelargonic acid to 2-ethylhexanol of 1:5. The bio-lubricant produced possessed the kinematic viscosity of 4.44 cSt at 40oC and 1.92 cSt at 100oC with a viscosity index of 366.247. The excellent viscosity properties are better than current commercial petro-lubricant and bio-lubricant available. However, the cloud point and pour point of 2-ethylhexyl pelargonate were observed at -18oC and -24 oC respectively which were still not in par with the commercial petro-lubricant although better than current bio-lubricant available. It is recommended that this work can be further studied by addition of additive e.g. antioxidant to enhance its lubrication properties and commercialised due to its high potential to replace petro-lubricant.
format	Undergraduates Project Papers
author	Teck Huai, Ng
author_facet	Teck Huai, Ng
author_sort	Teck Huai, Ng
title	Synthesis of bio-lubricant by esterification of pelargonic acid with 2-ethylhexanol over amberlyst 36
title_short	Synthesis of bio-lubricant by esterification of pelargonic acid with 2-ethylhexanol over amberlyst 36
title_full	Synthesis of bio-lubricant by esterification of pelargonic acid with 2-ethylhexanol over amberlyst 36
title_fullStr	Synthesis of bio-lubricant by esterification of pelargonic acid with 2-ethylhexanol over amberlyst 36
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis of bio-lubricant by esterification of pelargonic acid with 2-ethylhexanol over amberlyst 36
title_sort	synthesis of bio-lubricant by esterification of pelargonic acid with 2-ethylhexanol over amberlyst 36
publishDate	2015
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/1/FKKSA%20-%20NG%20TECK%20HUAI%20%28CD8932%29.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/2/FKKSA%20-%20NG%20TECK%20HUAI%20%28CD8932%29%20CHAP%201.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11030/3/FKKSA%20-%20NG%20TECK%20HUAI%20%28CD8932%29%20CHAP%203.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:11:20Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:11:20Z
_version_	1777415047482441728

Synthesis of bio-lubricant by esterification of pelargonic acid with 2-ethylhexanol over amberlyst 36

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