Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Activated Cement Clinker as Catalyst

Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Activated Cement Clinker as Catalyst

This paper presents the potential of limestone based catalyst for transesterification of high free fatty acid (FFA) rubber seed oil (RSO). Pre-calcinated limestone known as clinker was activated using methanol and transesterification was performed under reflux with constant stirring. Mineral composi...

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Main Authors: Jolius, Gimbun, Ali, Shahid, Kanwal, Chitra Charan Suri Charan, Liyana, Amer Shah, Nurul Hidayah, Muhamad Ghazali, Cheng, C. K., Said, N.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Ltd 2013
Subjects:
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11831/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11831/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11831/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11831/1/40%20Gimbun%202013%20proeng.pdf
id ump-11831
recordtype eprints
spelling ump-118312017-12-14T02:53:06Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11831/ Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Activated Cement Clinker as Catalyst Jolius, Gimbun Ali, Shahid Kanwal, Chitra Charan Suri Charan Liyana, Amer Shah Nurul Hidayah, Muhamad Ghazali Cheng, C. K. Said, N. TP Chemical technology This paper presents the potential of limestone based catalyst for transesterification of high free fatty acid (FFA) rubber seed oil (RSO). Pre-calcinated limestone known as clinker was activated using methanol and transesterification was performed under reflux with constant stirring. Mineral composition of the catalyst was analysed using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) with in build x-ray diffraction (XRD). The rubber seed oil was obtained using both microwave and soxhlet extraction using hexane as solvent. FFA content and fatty acid methyl ester content were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed an efficient conversion (up to 96.9) of high FFA rubber seed oil to biodiesel. The results suggest that the catalyst employed in this work is not negatively affected by moisture and free fatty acids and can be recycled very easily without significant loss in its activity. The highest conversion of 96.9 was achieved from catalyst activated at 700°C, with catalyst loading of 5 wt. ; methanol to oil molar ratio of 4:1; reaction temperature of 65°C and reaction time of 4 hours. The biodiesel produced in this work is within the limits of specification described by American standard test method (ASTM D6751). © 2013 The Authors. Elsevier Ltd 2013-12-31 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by_nc_nd http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11831/1/40%20Gimbun%202013%20proeng.pdf Jolius, Gimbun and Ali, Shahid and Kanwal, Chitra Charan Suri Charan and Liyana, Amer Shah and Nurul Hidayah, Muhamad Ghazali and Cheng, C. K. and Said, N. (2013) Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Activated Cement Clinker as Catalyst. Procedia Engineering, 53. pp. 13-19. ISSN 1877-7058 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.003 DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.003
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Local University
institution Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building UMP Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
language English
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Jolius, Gimbun
Ali, Shahid
Kanwal, Chitra Charan Suri Charan
Liyana, Amer Shah
Nurul Hidayah, Muhamad Ghazali
Cheng, C. K.
Said, N.
Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Activated Cement Clinker as Catalyst
description This paper presents the potential of limestone based catalyst for transesterification of high free fatty acid (FFA) rubber seed oil (RSO). Pre-calcinated limestone known as clinker was activated using methanol and transesterification was performed under reflux with constant stirring. Mineral composition of the catalyst was analysed using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) with in build x-ray diffraction (XRD). The rubber seed oil was obtained using both microwave and soxhlet extraction using hexane as solvent. FFA content and fatty acid methyl ester content were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed an efficient conversion (up to 96.9) of high FFA rubber seed oil to biodiesel. The results suggest that the catalyst employed in this work is not negatively affected by moisture and free fatty acids and can be recycled very easily without significant loss in its activity. The highest conversion of 96.9 was achieved from catalyst activated at 700°C, with catalyst loading of 5 wt. ; methanol to oil molar ratio of 4:1; reaction temperature of 65°C and reaction time of 4 hours. The biodiesel produced in this work is within the limits of specification described by American standard test method (ASTM D6751). © 2013 The Authors.
format Article
author Jolius, Gimbun
Ali, Shahid
Kanwal, Chitra Charan Suri Charan
Liyana, Amer Shah
Nurul Hidayah, Muhamad Ghazali
Cheng, C. K.
Said, N.
author_facet Jolius, Gimbun
Ali, Shahid
Kanwal, Chitra Charan Suri Charan
Liyana, Amer Shah
Nurul Hidayah, Muhamad Ghazali
Cheng, C. K.
Said, N.
author_sort Jolius, Gimbun
title Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Activated Cement Clinker as Catalyst
title_short Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Activated Cement Clinker as Catalyst
title_full Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Activated Cement Clinker as Catalyst
title_fullStr Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Activated Cement Clinker as Catalyst
title_full_unstemmed Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Activated Cement Clinker as Catalyst
title_sort biodiesel production from rubber seed oil using activated cement clinker as catalyst
publisher Elsevier Ltd
publishDate 2013
url http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11831/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11831/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11831/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11831/1/40%20Gimbun%202013%20proeng.pdf
first_indexed 2023-09-18T22:12:49Z
last_indexed 2023-09-18T22:12:49Z
_version_ 1777415141375082496

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