Basic Properties of Gebeng Bauxite in Accordance to IMSBC Code

Background/Objectives: Due to a case where Bulk Jupiter, which was carrying 46,400 tons of bauxite from Kuantan sank about 150 nautical miles off the coast of Vung Tau, Vietnam, with 18 fatalities and only one survivor, where liquefaction has been identified as the main cause of the capsize of the b...

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Main Authors:	Muzamir, Hasan, Siti Hajar, Aziz, Wan Nursyafiqah, Wan Jusoh
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Informatics Publishing Limited 2017
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17153/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17153/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17153/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17153/1/fkasa-2017-muzamir-basic%20properties%20of%20gebeng.pdf

id	ump-17153
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-171532017-08-18T07:45:31Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17153/ Basic Properties of Gebeng Bauxite in Accordance to IMSBC Code Muzamir, Hasan Siti Hajar, Aziz Wan Nursyafiqah, Wan Jusoh TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Background/Objectives: Due to a case where Bulk Jupiter, which was carrying 46,400 tons of bauxite from Kuantan sank about 150 nautical miles off the coast of Vung Tau, Vietnam, with 18 fatalities and only one survivor, where liquefaction has been identified as the main cause of the capsize of the bulk cargo; has embarked the idea for this study. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Laboratory test had been done to three different locations from bauxite mines and one from stockpile in Gebeng, Kuantan to identify its basic properties; particle size distribution, moisture content, specific gravity and its morphological properties. Results are then compared with International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code; an international standard for cargo transportation for exporting purpose to ensure those raw materials are passing the standard so that the tendency for the material to liquefy is low. Findings: From laboratory test conducted, the average value of moisture content from air-dry and oven-dry method are 20.45 % and 23.33 %, respectively. Average particles size of Kuantan Bauxite smaller than 2.5 mm is 35% means bauxite samples collected consists of fine particles more than lumps and images obtained from SEM test proved that there is abundance of fine particles attached to the bauxite ore. Application/Improvements: Referring to the IMSBC Code, it can be stated that bauxite sample collected from Gebeng mines does not qualify to be classified under Group C as its basic properties are not within the limits imposed by IMSBC Code. This is due to the presence of high fine particles which tend to absorb water more than granular particles that may lead to liquefaction to occur. Liquefaction in bulk cargoes is very dangerous since the probability for the cargoes to capsize is very high. In order to ensure the bauxite is passing the standard, ‘beneficiation’ process should be conducted to eliminate fine particles. Informatics Publishing Limited 2017 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17153/1/fkasa-2017-muzamir-basic%20properties%20of%20gebeng.pdf Muzamir, Hasan and Siti Hajar, Aziz and Wan Nursyafiqah, Wan Jusoh (2017) Basic Properties of Gebeng Bauxite in Accordance to IMSBC Code. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 10 (7). pp. 1-5. ISSN 0974-6846 (Print); 0974-5645 (Online) http://www.indjst.org/index.php/indjst/article/view/111451 DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2017/v10i7/111451
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Muzamir, Hasan Siti Hajar, Aziz Wan Nursyafiqah, Wan Jusoh Basic Properties of Gebeng Bauxite in Accordance to IMSBC Code
description	Background/Objectives: Due to a case where Bulk Jupiter, which was carrying 46,400 tons of bauxite from Kuantan sank about 150 nautical miles off the coast of Vung Tau, Vietnam, with 18 fatalities and only one survivor, where liquefaction has been identified as the main cause of the capsize of the bulk cargo; has embarked the idea for this study. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Laboratory test had been done to three different locations from bauxite mines and one from stockpile in Gebeng, Kuantan to identify its basic properties; particle size distribution, moisture content, specific gravity and its morphological properties. Results are then compared with International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code; an international standard for cargo transportation for exporting purpose to ensure those raw materials are passing the standard so that the tendency for the material to liquefy is low. Findings: From laboratory test conducted, the average value of moisture content from air-dry and oven-dry method are 20.45 % and 23.33 %, respectively. Average particles size of Kuantan Bauxite smaller than 2.5 mm is 35% means bauxite samples collected consists of fine particles more than lumps and images obtained from SEM test proved that there is abundance of fine particles attached to the bauxite ore. Application/Improvements: Referring to the IMSBC Code, it can be stated that bauxite sample collected from Gebeng mines does not qualify to be classified under Group C as its basic properties are not within the limits imposed by IMSBC Code. This is due to the presence of high fine particles which tend to absorb water more than granular particles that may lead to liquefaction to occur. Liquefaction in bulk cargoes is very dangerous since the probability for the cargoes to capsize is very high. In order to ensure the bauxite is passing the standard, ‘beneficiation’ process should be conducted to eliminate fine particles.
format	Article
author	Muzamir, Hasan Siti Hajar, Aziz Wan Nursyafiqah, Wan Jusoh
author_facet	Muzamir, Hasan Siti Hajar, Aziz Wan Nursyafiqah, Wan Jusoh
author_sort	Muzamir, Hasan
title	Basic Properties of Gebeng Bauxite in Accordance to IMSBC Code
title_short	Basic Properties of Gebeng Bauxite in Accordance to IMSBC Code
title_full	Basic Properties of Gebeng Bauxite in Accordance to IMSBC Code
title_fullStr	Basic Properties of Gebeng Bauxite in Accordance to IMSBC Code
title_full_unstemmed	Basic Properties of Gebeng Bauxite in Accordance to IMSBC Code
title_sort	basic properties of gebeng bauxite in accordance to imsbc code
publisher	Informatics Publishing Limited
publishDate	2017
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17153/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17153/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17153/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/17153/1/fkasa-2017-muzamir-basic%20properties%20of%20gebeng.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:23:28Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:23:28Z
_version_	1777415810560557056

Basic Properties of Gebeng Bauxite in Accordance to IMSBC Code

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