The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review

The attempt to extract rare earth elements (REE) has started over a century ago using activated carbon and continues until today with various methods involved to improve the extraction yield. Instead of solid-liquid extraction, the use of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been more common due to th...

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Main Authors:	Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat, Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 2018
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/1/The%20evolution%20of%20mineral%20processing%20in%20extraction%20of%20rare%20earth%20elements%20using%20liquid.pdf

id	ump-20907
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-209072020-02-28T02:12:04Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/ The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin TP Chemical technology The attempt to extract rare earth elements (REE) has started over a century ago using activated carbon and continues until today with various methods involved to improve the extraction yield. Instead of solid-liquid extraction, the use of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been more common due to the convenient arrangement of the process. Solvent extraction is the main process applied in LLE of REE and along the way, various kind of solvent extractants have evolved. The use of traditional extractants (e.g., benzene, heptane, and kerosene) in LLE has been diverted to the application of conventional extractants (e.g., tributyl phosphate (TBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), and Cyanex 923 to increase the extraction efficiency. Apparently, the disadvantages of conventional extractants have led to the application of ionic liquid (IL) in the evolution of extraction of REE. IL was found as a potential extractant for REE due to its ability to extract certain metals, green solvent, and has the flexibility to create different combination of cation and anion. However, conventional extractants appear to be more effective in the extraction of REE compared to IL. Therefore, the complex solvents are then compromised and synergised to create better extractant with both advantages between conventional extractants and IL. Most synergistic extractants (SE) appear to be more effective in the extraction of REE and able to reduce the use of chemicals. These advantages make SE more desirable in solvent extraction. This paper highlights the evolution of REE extraction using various kind of extractants with advantages and disadvantages discoveries based on various literatures. Elsevier Ltd 2018 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/1/The%20evolution%20of%20mineral%20processing%20in%20extraction%20of%20rare%20earth%20elements%20using%20liquid.pdf Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat and Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin (2018) The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review. Minerals Engineering, 121. pp. 146-157. ISSN 0892-6875 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.03.018 doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2018.03.018
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review
description	The attempt to extract rare earth elements (REE) has started over a century ago using activated carbon and continues until today with various methods involved to improve the extraction yield. Instead of solid-liquid extraction, the use of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been more common due to the convenient arrangement of the process. Solvent extraction is the main process applied in LLE of REE and along the way, various kind of solvent extractants have evolved. The use of traditional extractants (e.g., benzene, heptane, and kerosene) in LLE has been diverted to the application of conventional extractants (e.g., tributyl phosphate (TBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), and Cyanex 923 to increase the extraction efficiency. Apparently, the disadvantages of conventional extractants have led to the application of ionic liquid (IL) in the evolution of extraction of REE. IL was found as a potential extractant for REE due to its ability to extract certain metals, green solvent, and has the flexibility to create different combination of cation and anion. However, conventional extractants appear to be more effective in the extraction of REE compared to IL. Therefore, the complex solvents are then compromised and synergised to create better extractant with both advantages between conventional extractants and IL. Most synergistic extractants (SE) appear to be more effective in the extraction of REE and able to reduce the use of chemicals. These advantages make SE more desirable in solvent extraction. This paper highlights the evolution of REE extraction using various kind of extractants with advantages and disadvantages discoveries based on various literatures.
format	Article
author	Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin
author_facet	Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin
author_sort	Nur Nadiatul Hidayah, Shaikh Rohmat
title	The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review
title_short	The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review
title_full	The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review
title_fullStr	The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review
title_full_unstemmed	The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review
title_sort	evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: a review
publisher	Elsevier Ltd
publishDate	2018
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/20907/1/The%20evolution%20of%20mineral%20processing%20in%20extraction%20of%20rare%20earth%20elements%20using%20liquid.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:30:26Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:30:26Z
_version_	1777416248801361920

The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction: A review

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