Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique

Agarwood or gaharu is resin-impregnated wood of the tree genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae). In Malaysia, the main agarwood producer is Aquilaria malaccensis and oil extracted from this species is highly priced. One of the challenges in commercializing agarwood is the lack of universal standard to clas...

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Main Authors:	Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin, Che Mohd, Aizal, M. M., Yusoff
Other Authors:	Rozi, Mohamed
Format:	Book Section
Language:	English
Published:	Springer 2016
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/1/Resolution%20of%20Complex%20Sesquiterpene%20Hydrocarbons%20in%20Aquilaria%20malaccensis%20Volatile%20Oils%20Using%20Gas%20Chromatography%20Technique.pdf

id	ump-6777
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-67772018-07-27T08:24:17Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/ Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin Che Mohd, Aizal M. M., Yusoff QD Chemistry Agarwood or gaharu is resin-impregnated wood of the tree genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae). In Malaysia, the main agarwood producer is Aquilaria malaccensis and oil extracted from this species is highly priced. One of the challenges in commercializing agarwood is the lack of universal standard to classify the aromatic oils. Our present knowledge places the main aromatic compounds of agarwood oil in the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon region. In this work, we extracted agarwood oil using hydrodistillation method in the laboratory and compared with a commercial-scale extraction in the factory. We analyzed the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon region using several highly sophisticated detection systems. Using GC-FID, 12 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified, while another eight were determined using GC-MS. Five compounds were identified in both analytical techniques: aromadendrene, α-bulnesene, α-guaiene, γ-gurjunene, and β-maaliene. Advanced analysis using GC × GC/TOFMS detected 24 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in both laboratory and pilot scale agarwood oils. Many of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons identified provide the woody aroma to the agarwood oil. Specifically, α-gurjunene and α-guaiene contribute to the woody balsamic aroma, while α-copaene contributes to the spicy-wood aroma. In total, 33 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified from A. malaccensis in the present study, with high certainty. Results from this study can be used toward establishing a universal standard for agarwood oil from the genus Aquilaria in the global market, which is presently lacking. Springer Rozi, Mohamed 2016 Book Section PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/1/Resolution%20of%20Complex%20Sesquiterpene%20Hydrocarbons%20in%20Aquilaria%20malaccensis%20Volatile%20Oils%20Using%20Gas%20Chromatography%20Technique.pdf Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin and Che Mohd, Aizal and M. M., Yusoff (2016) Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique. In: Agarwood. Tropical Forestry . Springer, Singapore, pp. 103-124. ISBN 978-981-10-0832-0 (print); 978-981-10-0833-7 (online) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0833-7_7 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0833-7_7
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin Che Mohd, Aizal M. M., Yusoff Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique
description	Agarwood or gaharu is resin-impregnated wood of the tree genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae). In Malaysia, the main agarwood producer is Aquilaria malaccensis and oil extracted from this species is highly priced. One of the challenges in commercializing agarwood is the lack of universal standard to classify the aromatic oils. Our present knowledge places the main aromatic compounds of agarwood oil in the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon region. In this work, we extracted agarwood oil using hydrodistillation method in the laboratory and compared with a commercial-scale extraction in the factory. We analyzed the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon region using several highly sophisticated detection systems. Using GC-FID, 12 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified, while another eight were determined using GC-MS. Five compounds were identified in both analytical techniques: aromadendrene, α-bulnesene, α-guaiene, γ-gurjunene, and β-maaliene. Advanced analysis using GC × GC/TOFMS detected 24 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in both laboratory and pilot scale agarwood oils. Many of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons identified provide the woody aroma to the agarwood oil. Specifically, α-gurjunene and α-guaiene contribute to the woody balsamic aroma, while α-copaene contributes to the spicy-wood aroma. In total, 33 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified from A. malaccensis in the present study, with high certainty. Results from this study can be used toward establishing a universal standard for agarwood oil from the genus Aquilaria in the global market, which is presently lacking.
author2	Rozi, Mohamed
author_facet	Rozi, Mohamed Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin Che Mohd, Aizal M. M., Yusoff
format	Book Section
author	Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin Che Mohd, Aizal M. M., Yusoff
author_sort	Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin
title	Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique
title_short	Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique
title_full	Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique
title_fullStr	Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique
title_full_unstemmed	Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique
title_sort	resolution of complex sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in aquilaria malaccensis volatile oils using gas chromatography technique
publisher	Springer
publishDate	2016
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6777/1/Resolution%20of%20Complex%20Sesquiterpene%20Hydrocarbons%20in%20Aquilaria%20malaccensis%20Volatile%20Oils%20Using%20Gas%20Chromatography%20Technique.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:02:51Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:02:51Z
_version_	1777414513415421952

Resolution of Complex Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons in Aquilaria malaccensis Volatile Oils Using Gas Chromatography Technique

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