The Effect of the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process on Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch

Investigations of biomass conversion technologies and processes have been carried out intensively for the past two decades due to the reduction in the availability of landfill, stricter regulations, and increasing awareness of the problem. In this study we have concentrated on a wet-base biomass, in...

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Main Authors:	Saidatul Shima, Jamari, Jonathan R., Howse
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd. 2012
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6893/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6893/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6893/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6893/1/The_effect_of_the_hydrothermal_carbonization_process_on_palm_oil_empty_fruit_bunch.pdf

id	ump-6893
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-68932018-02-07T07:24:09Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6893/ The Effect of the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process on Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch Saidatul Shima, Jamari Jonathan R., Howse TP Chemical technology Investigations of biomass conversion technologies and processes have been carried out intensively for the past two decades due to the reduction in the availability of landfill, stricter regulations, and increasing awareness of the problem. In this study we have concentrated on a wet-base biomass, in particular a waste stream from the commercial production of palm oil, empty fruit bunch (EFB). This has been converted through a hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC), where lignocellulosic material was converted in a low temperature and pressure environment to a product of increased carbon content offering the prospect of a material with a higher commercial value from an abundant waste stream. A purpose built pressure vessel was used in the presence of excess water at relatively low temperatures (180e220 �C) and saturated water pressures (1e22 MPa). The chemical and physical characteristics of the products were confirmed using elemental analysis, calorific value, SEM, FTIR and GCMS. The carbon value recorded a decrease of the O/C ratio of raw EFB ¼ 0.85 to a HTC processed EFB of 0.55. The surface morphology obtained from SEM showed minimal structural modification of the material although small pores (10e13 mm) were seen on the surface of the HTC processed material. This suggests a processing route that preserves the existing carbohydrate structure whilst increasing its carbon content, which offers a route to complex carbon-rich materials based upon naturally grown carbohydrate materials. Elsevier Ltd. 2012 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6893/1/The_effect_of_the_hydrothermal_carbonization_process_on_palm_oil_empty_fruit_bunch.pdf Saidatul Shima, Jamari and Jonathan R., Howse (2012) The Effect of the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process on Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch. Biomass and Bioenergy, 47. pp. 82-90. ISSN 0961-9534 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.061 doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.061
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Saidatul Shima, Jamari Jonathan R., Howse The Effect of the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process on Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch
description	Investigations of biomass conversion technologies and processes have been carried out intensively for the past two decades due to the reduction in the availability of landfill, stricter regulations, and increasing awareness of the problem. In this study we have concentrated on a wet-base biomass, in particular a waste stream from the commercial production of palm oil, empty fruit bunch (EFB). This has been converted through a hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC), where lignocellulosic material was converted in a low temperature and pressure environment to a product of increased carbon content offering the prospect of a material with a higher commercial value from an abundant waste stream. A purpose built pressure vessel was used in the presence of excess water at relatively low temperatures (180e220 �C) and saturated water pressures (1e22 MPa). The chemical and physical characteristics of the products were confirmed using elemental analysis, calorific value, SEM, FTIR and GCMS. The carbon value recorded a decrease of the O/C ratio of raw EFB ¼ 0.85 to a HTC processed EFB of 0.55. The surface morphology obtained from SEM showed minimal structural modification of the material although small pores (10e13 mm) were seen on the surface of the HTC processed material. This suggests a processing route that preserves the existing carbohydrate structure whilst increasing its carbon content, which offers a route to complex carbon-rich materials based upon naturally grown carbohydrate materials.
format	Article
author	Saidatul Shima, Jamari Jonathan R., Howse
author_facet	Saidatul Shima, Jamari Jonathan R., Howse
author_sort	Saidatul Shima, Jamari
title	The Effect of the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process on Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch
title_short	The Effect of the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process on Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch
title_full	The Effect of the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process on Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch
title_fullStr	The Effect of the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process on Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch
title_full_unstemmed	The Effect of the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process on Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch
title_sort	effect of the hydrothermal carbonization process on palm oil empty fruit bunch
publisher	Elsevier Ltd.
publishDate	2012
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6893/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6893/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6893/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/6893/1/The_effect_of_the_hydrothermal_carbonization_process_on_palm_oil_empty_fruit_bunch.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:03:04Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:03:04Z
_version_	1777414527336316928

The Effect of the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process on Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch

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