Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Vector Space Projections

Efficient watermarking techniques guarantee inaudibility and robustness against signal degradation. Spread spectrum watermarking technique makes it harder for unauthorized adversary to detect the position of the embedded watermark in the carrier file, because the watermark bits are spread in the car...

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Main Authors:	Adamu I., Abu Bakar, Akram, M. Zeki, Haruna, Chiroma, Sanah, Abdullahi Muaz, Eka, Novita Sari, Tutut, Herawan
Format:	Article
Published:	Springer International Publishing 2015
Subjects:	QA76 Computer software
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/8244/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/8244/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/8244/

id	ump-8244
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-82442016-01-12T03:22:18Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/8244/ Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Vector Space Projections Adamu I., Abu Bakar Akram, M. Zeki Haruna, Chiroma Sanah, Abdullahi Muaz Eka, Novita Sari Tutut, Herawan QA76 Computer software Efficient watermarking techniques guarantee inaudibility and robustness against signal degradation. Spread spectrum watermarking technique makes it harder for unauthorized adversary to detect the position of the embedded watermark in the carrier file, because the watermark bits are spread in the carrier medium. Unfortunately, there is a high possibility that synchronization of the watermark bits and carrier bits will go out of phase. This will lead to watermark detection problem in the carrier bit sequence. In this paper, we propose a vector space projections approach on spread spectrum audio watermarking technique, in order to presents both the watermark bits and carrier bits as vectors. Similarities of watermark vector to a carrier vector are resolve by the normalized dot product of the cosine of angle between them for embedding. After embedding and extraction by the technique, signal processing methods in the form of attacks were applied. Our approach proved robust when compared with other audio watermarking techniques. This technique gives good results and was found to be robust on performance test. Springer International Publishing 2015 Article PeerReviewed Adamu I., Abu Bakar and Akram, M. Zeki and Haruna, Chiroma and Sanah, Abdullahi Muaz and Eka, Novita Sari and Tutut, Herawan (2015) Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Vector Space Projections. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 320. pp. 297-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11218-3_28 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-11218-3_28
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
topic	QA76 Computer software
spellingShingle	QA76 Computer software Adamu I., Abu Bakar Akram, M. Zeki Haruna, Chiroma Sanah, Abdullahi Muaz Eka, Novita Sari Tutut, Herawan Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Vector Space Projections
description	Efficient watermarking techniques guarantee inaudibility and robustness against signal degradation. Spread spectrum watermarking technique makes it harder for unauthorized adversary to detect the position of the embedded watermark in the carrier file, because the watermark bits are spread in the carrier medium. Unfortunately, there is a high possibility that synchronization of the watermark bits and carrier bits will go out of phase. This will lead to watermark detection problem in the carrier bit sequence. In this paper, we propose a vector space projections approach on spread spectrum audio watermarking technique, in order to presents both the watermark bits and carrier bits as vectors. Similarities of watermark vector to a carrier vector are resolve by the normalized dot product of the cosine of angle between them for embedding. After embedding and extraction by the technique, signal processing methods in the form of attacks were applied. Our approach proved robust when compared with other audio watermarking techniques. This technique gives good results and was found to be robust on performance test.
format	Article
author	Adamu I., Abu Bakar Akram, M. Zeki Haruna, Chiroma Sanah, Abdullahi Muaz Eka, Novita Sari Tutut, Herawan
author_facet	Adamu I., Abu Bakar Akram, M. Zeki Haruna, Chiroma Sanah, Abdullahi Muaz Eka, Novita Sari Tutut, Herawan
author_sort	Adamu I., Abu Bakar
title	Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Vector Space Projections
title_short	Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Vector Space Projections
title_full	Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Vector Space Projections
title_fullStr	Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Vector Space Projections
title_full_unstemmed	Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Vector Space Projections
title_sort	spread spectrum audio watermarking using vector space projections
publisher	Springer International Publishing
publishDate	2015
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/8244/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/8244/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/8244/
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:05:36Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:05:36Z
_version_	1777414687226331136

Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Vector Space Projections

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