Synthesis of biolubricant by esterification of oleic acid and pelargonic acid with trimethylolpropane over tin(ii) oxide

Increasing demand of biolubricant nowadays due to the promotions replacement of non-renewable raw materials by renewable resources and minimisation of the environmental impact that caused by improper disposal issue. Current biolubricant production processes which involving the reaction of vegetable...

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Main Author:	Foo, Jia Huoy
Format:	Undergraduates Project Papers
Language:	English
Published:	2014
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9189/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9189/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9189/1/cd8563.pdf

id	ump-9189
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-91892015-10-15T00:09:26Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9189/ Synthesis of biolubricant by esterification of oleic acid and pelargonic acid with trimethylolpropane over tin(ii) oxide Foo, Jia Huoy TP Chemical technology Increasing demand of biolubricant nowadays due to the promotions replacement of non-renewable raw materials by renewable resources and minimisation of the environmental impact that caused by improper disposal issue. Current biolubricant production processes which involving the reaction of vegetable oil and alcohol with the presence of homogeneous catalyst causing the catalysts cannot be recycled, soap formation, high separation cost during the downstream of reactions and etc. To overcome these problems, researches were done by using solid catalysts. However, the research using heterogeneous catalyst, metal oxide is scarce. So, this paper presents the best operating condition for the synthesis of biolubricant through the esterification of oleic acid(OA) and pelargonic acid(PA) with trimethylolpropane(TMP). Fatty acid(FA) were reacted with TMP using different molar ratios and operating temperatures with the presence of tin(II) oxide under atmospheric pressure. The samples withdrawn were titrated for its total acid number (TAN). The reaction was proven not limited by both external and internal diffusions. The highest conversion of 80.49% was achieved at the molar ratio OA:TMP of 1:2.4 and operating temperature of 150°C. An identical conversion was achieved with lower FFA for the synthesis of biolubricant using PA. Trimethylolpropane tripelargonate(TMTP) with lower viscosity and FFA value would prevent corrosion and reduce friction in the engine. The fresh and used catalysts were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proven that tin(II) oxide can be reuse after the reaction. The initial rates and K values is determined. The findings of the present work are useful for the optimisation of the biolubricant production in future. The activation energy for the esterification were found to be 48.612 kJ/mol for the formation of TMTO and 52.303 kJ/mol for the formation of TMTP. The rate constant and equilibrium constant were found to be increased with temperature. The thermodynamic properties of the reaction OA with TMP were found to be Gibbs free energy, ΔG=-82.159kJ/mol, enthalpy, ΔH=- 81.9511kJ/mol and entropy ΔS=0.208 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic properties of the reaction PA with TMP were found to be ΔG=-71.357kJ/mol, ΔH=- 71.176kJ/mol and entropy ΔS=0.181 kJ/mol 2014-01 Undergraduates Project Papers NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9189/1/cd8563.pdf Foo, Jia Huoy (2014) Synthesis of biolubricant by esterification of oleic acid and pelargonic acid with trimethylolpropane over tin(ii) oxide. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang. http://iportal.ump.edu.my/lib/item?id=chamo:84683&theme=UMP2
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Foo, Jia Huoy Synthesis of biolubricant by esterification of oleic acid and pelargonic acid with trimethylolpropane over tin(ii) oxide
description	Increasing demand of biolubricant nowadays due to the promotions replacement of non-renewable raw materials by renewable resources and minimisation of the environmental impact that caused by improper disposal issue. Current biolubricant production processes which involving the reaction of vegetable oil and alcohol with the presence of homogeneous catalyst causing the catalysts cannot be recycled, soap formation, high separation cost during the downstream of reactions and etc. To overcome these problems, researches were done by using solid catalysts. However, the research using heterogeneous catalyst, metal oxide is scarce. So, this paper presents the best operating condition for the synthesis of biolubricant through the esterification of oleic acid(OA) and pelargonic acid(PA) with trimethylolpropane(TMP). Fatty acid(FA) were reacted with TMP using different molar ratios and operating temperatures with the presence of tin(II) oxide under atmospheric pressure. The samples withdrawn were titrated for its total acid number (TAN). The reaction was proven not limited by both external and internal diffusions. The highest conversion of 80.49% was achieved at the molar ratio OA:TMP of 1:2.4 and operating temperature of 150°C. An identical conversion was achieved with lower FFA for the synthesis of biolubricant using PA. Trimethylolpropane tripelargonate(TMTP) with lower viscosity and FFA value would prevent corrosion and reduce friction in the engine. The fresh and used catalysts were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proven that tin(II) oxide can be reuse after the reaction. The initial rates and K values is determined. The findings of the present work are useful for the optimisation of the biolubricant production in future. The activation energy for the esterification were found to be 48.612 kJ/mol for the formation of TMTO and 52.303 kJ/mol for the formation of TMTP. The rate constant and equilibrium constant were found to be increased with temperature. The thermodynamic properties of the reaction OA with TMP were found to be Gibbs free energy, ΔG=-82.159kJ/mol, enthalpy, ΔH=- 81.9511kJ/mol and entropy ΔS=0.208 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic properties of the reaction PA with TMP were found to be ΔG=-71.357kJ/mol, ΔH=- 71.176kJ/mol and entropy ΔS=0.181 kJ/mol
format	Undergraduates Project Papers
author	Foo, Jia Huoy
author_facet	Foo, Jia Huoy
author_sort	Foo, Jia Huoy
title	Synthesis of biolubricant by esterification of oleic acid and pelargonic acid with trimethylolpropane over tin(ii) oxide
title_short	Synthesis of biolubricant by esterification of oleic acid and pelargonic acid with trimethylolpropane over tin(ii) oxide
title_full	Synthesis of biolubricant by esterification of oleic acid and pelargonic acid with trimethylolpropane over tin(ii) oxide
title_fullStr	Synthesis of biolubricant by esterification of oleic acid and pelargonic acid with trimethylolpropane over tin(ii) oxide
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis of biolubricant by esterification of oleic acid and pelargonic acid with trimethylolpropane over tin(ii) oxide
title_sort	synthesis of biolubricant by esterification of oleic acid and pelargonic acid with trimethylolpropane over tin(ii) oxide
publishDate	2014
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9189/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9189/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9189/1/cd8563.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:07:30Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:07:30Z
_version_	1777414806405382144

Synthesis of biolubricant by esterification of oleic acid and pelargonic acid with trimethylolpropane over tin(ii) oxide

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