Thyroid disorders, etiology and prevalence

The major disorders (problems) of thyroid gland are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, which have been reported in over 110 countries of the world with 1.6 billion people at risk and need some form of iodine supplementation. Usually hyperthyroidism is termed as thyrotoxicosis, but all hyperthyroidi...

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Main Authors:	Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan, Khan, Alam
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Ansi Network for Scientiific Information 2002
Subjects:	RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/1658/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/1658/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/1658/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/1658/1/89-94.pdf

id	iium-1658
recordtype	eprints
spelling	iium-16582016-01-25T07:02:35Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/1658/ Thyroid disorders, etiology and prevalence Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Khan, Alam RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine The major disorders (problems) of thyroid gland are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, which have been reported in over 110 countries of the world with 1.6 billion people at risk and need some form of iodine supplementation. Usually hyperthyroidism is termed as thyrotoxicosis, but all hyperthyroidism may not represent thyrotoxicosis. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are due to over and under secretion of thyroid hormones. The most common causes of hyperthyroidism are diffused hyperplasia of the thyroid associated with Graves` disease, the ingestion of excess exogenous thyroid hormones, hyper functional multi nodular goiter and hyper function adenoma of thyroid. Less common causes of hyperthyroidism included certain forms of thyroiditis, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) secreting pituitary adenoma and the secretion of excessive amount of thyroid hormones by ectopic thyroid arising in ovarian tetramas. Hypothyroidism usually develops from iodine deficiency. However, in rare cases, it can also be a developed from chronic lymphocytic the thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto`s disease and from decreased TSH level. Iodine plays an important role in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism as iodine is an integral part of thyroid hormones. Availability of iodine to thyroid gland is mainly from foods and water and if these sources are deficient in iodine, then problems like hypothyroidism, cretinism and other iodine deficiency disorders can develop. Similarly, excessive iodine intake in the form of iodized oil, bread and salt can produce hyperthyroidism like iodine induced thyrotoxicosis. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism/ thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism vary in different countries. In Pakistan, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism and sub clinical hyperthyroidism was 5.1 and 5.8%, respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of hypothyroidism and sub clinical hypothyroidism was 4.1 and 5.4%, respectively. Prevalence of hyperthyroidism and sub clinical hyperthyroidism was higher in females than males. Similarly, the prevalence of hypothyroidism and sub clinical hypothyroidism was higher in females than males. Ansi Network for Scientiific Information 2002-03 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/1658/1/89-94.pdf Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan and Khan, Alam (2002) Thyroid disorders, etiology and prevalence. Journal of Medical Sciences, 2 (2). pp. 89-94. ISSN 1812-5727 (O), 1682-4474 (P) http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jms.2002.89.94 DOI: 10.3923/jms.2002.89.94
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	International Islamic University Malaysia
building	IIUM Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
spellingShingle	RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Khan, Alam Thyroid disorders, etiology and prevalence
description	The major disorders (problems) of thyroid gland are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, which have been reported in over 110 countries of the world with 1.6 billion people at risk and need some form of iodine supplementation. Usually hyperthyroidism is termed as thyrotoxicosis, but all hyperthyroidism may not represent thyrotoxicosis. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are due to over and under secretion of thyroid hormones. The most common causes of hyperthyroidism are diffused hyperplasia of the thyroid associated with Graves` disease, the ingestion of excess exogenous thyroid hormones, hyper functional multi nodular goiter and hyper function adenoma of thyroid. Less common causes of hyperthyroidism included certain forms of thyroiditis, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) secreting pituitary adenoma and the secretion of excessive amount of thyroid hormones by ectopic thyroid arising in ovarian tetramas. Hypothyroidism usually develops from iodine deficiency. However, in rare cases, it can also be a developed from chronic lymphocytic the thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto`s disease and from decreased TSH level. Iodine plays an important role in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism as iodine is an integral part of thyroid hormones. Availability of iodine to thyroid gland is mainly from foods and water and if these sources are deficient in iodine, then problems like hypothyroidism, cretinism and other iodine deficiency disorders can develop. Similarly, excessive iodine intake in the form of iodized oil, bread and salt can produce hyperthyroidism like iodine induced thyrotoxicosis. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism/ thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism vary in different countries. In Pakistan, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism and sub clinical hyperthyroidism was 5.1 and 5.8%, respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of hypothyroidism and sub clinical hypothyroidism was 4.1 and 5.4%, respectively. Prevalence of hyperthyroidism and sub clinical hyperthyroidism was higher in females than males. Similarly, the prevalence of hypothyroidism and sub clinical hypothyroidism was higher in females than males.
format	Article
author	Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Khan, Alam
author_facet	Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Khan, Alam
author_sort	Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan
title	Thyroid disorders, etiology and prevalence
title_short	Thyroid disorders, etiology and prevalence
title_full	Thyroid disorders, etiology and prevalence
title_fullStr	Thyroid disorders, etiology and prevalence
title_full_unstemmed	Thyroid disorders, etiology and prevalence
title_sort	thyroid disorders, etiology and prevalence
publisher	Ansi Network for Scientiific Information
publishDate	2002
url	http://irep.iium.edu.my/1658/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/1658/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/1658/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/1658/1/89-94.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T20:09:05Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T20:09:05Z
_version_	1777407356093595648

Thyroid disorders, etiology and prevalence

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