Armenia : Restructuring to Sustain Universal General Education
Before the breakup of the Soviet Union, Armenia had a highly developed and expensive education system, matching the needs of the command economy. The country is now facing a challenge to sustain universal coverage and performance standards in prima...
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| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC: World Bank
2013
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/03/1089533/armenia-restructuring-sustain-universal-general-education http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13891 |
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okr-10986-138912021-04-23T14:03:10Z Armenia : Restructuring to Sustain Universal General Education Perkins, Gillian Yemtsov, Ruslan ACHIEVEMENT ADAPTABILITY ADDITIONAL FUNDS AGE GROUP AGED AIR ANNUAL COSTS BASIC EDUCATION BASIC LITERACY CALL CLASS SIZE CLASS SIZES CLASSROOMS COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT COMPOSITION CONSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT CURRICULA CURRICULUM CURRICULUM CURRICULUM REFORM DECENTRALIZATION DROP-OUT RATES ECOLOGY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC TRANSITION EDUCATION BUDGET EDUCATION OUTCOMES EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION PROJECTS EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATION SYSTEMS EMIGRATION EMPLOYMENT ENROLMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMMIGRATION INCOME LEVELS INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS LABOR MARKET LEADERSHIP LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING OUTCOMES LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COMMUNITIES MINISTRIES OF FINANCE MOTIVATION NATIONAL EDUCATION PAPERS PARENTS PARITY POLICY DEVELOPMENT POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRINTING PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC FUNDING PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUPILS QUALIFIED TEACHERS QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION REDUNDANCY REGIONAL EDUCATION SAFETY SCHOOL SCHOOL BUILDINGS SCHOOL LEAVERS SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM SMALL SCHOOLS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL POLICY STANDARDS TEACHER TEACHERS TEACHERS SALARIES TEACHING TEACHING MATERIALS TEACHING PERFORMANCE TEACHING PERSONNEL TEACHING STAFF TEXTBOOKS TEXTBOOKS UNIVERSAL ACCESS VOCATIONAL EDUCATION STUDENT TEACHER RATIO EDUCATION FOR ALL Before the breakup of the Soviet Union, Armenia had a highly developed and expensive education system, matching the needs of the command economy. The country is now facing a challenge to sustain universal coverage and performance standards in primary-secondary education with a small fraction of the former budget, while reorienting the system to the needs of a democratic society and market economy. The purposes of this paper are to clarify the case for rationalization by quantifying the future cost implications and affordability of various educational policy options, and to identify further measures needed in Armenia to promote restructuring and to secure adequate financing of the education system over the medium term. The paper examines recent evolution of the structure of inputs and expenditure to general education in Armenia in comparison with international norms and practice, and outlines various approaches that have been proposed for restructuring the system in the context of the government's sectoral reform strategy. Conclusions are drawn concerning the depth of rationalization and the financing strategy that would be needed to sustain universal access and quality of the system over the medium term. Finally, some of the practical and institutional obstacles to actually implementing rationalization are identified, and measures are proposed to help overcome these constraints. 2013-06-13T13:55:55Z 2013-06-13T13:55:55Z 2001-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/03/1089533/armenia-restructuring-sustain-universal-general-education 0-8213-4927-9 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13891 English en_US World Bank Technical Paper;No. 498 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication Europe and Central Asia Armenia |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACHIEVEMENT ADAPTABILITY ADDITIONAL FUNDS AGE GROUP AGED AIR ANNUAL COSTS BASIC EDUCATION BASIC LITERACY CALL CLASS SIZE CLASS SIZES CLASSROOMS COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT COMPOSITION CONSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT CURRICULA CURRICULUM CURRICULUM CURRICULUM REFORM DECENTRALIZATION DROP-OUT RATES ECOLOGY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC TRANSITION EDUCATION BUDGET EDUCATION OUTCOMES EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION PROJECTS EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATION SYSTEMS EMIGRATION EMPLOYMENT ENROLMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMMIGRATION INCOME LEVELS INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS LABOR MARKET LEADERSHIP LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING OUTCOMES LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COMMUNITIES MINISTRIES OF FINANCE MOTIVATION NATIONAL EDUCATION PAPERS PARENTS PARITY POLICY DEVELOPMENT POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRINTING PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC FUNDING PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUPILS QUALIFIED TEACHERS QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION REDUNDANCY REGIONAL EDUCATION SAFETY SCHOOL SCHOOL BUILDINGS SCHOOL LEAVERS SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM SMALL SCHOOLS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL POLICY STANDARDS TEACHER TEACHERS TEACHERS SALARIES TEACHING TEACHING MATERIALS TEACHING PERFORMANCE TEACHING PERSONNEL TEACHING STAFF TEXTBOOKS TEXTBOOKS UNIVERSAL ACCESS VOCATIONAL EDUCATION STUDENT TEACHER RATIO EDUCATION FOR ALL |
| spellingShingle |
ACHIEVEMENT ADAPTABILITY ADDITIONAL FUNDS AGE GROUP AGED AIR ANNUAL COSTS BASIC EDUCATION BASIC LITERACY CALL CLASS SIZE CLASS SIZES CLASSROOMS COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT COMPOSITION CONSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT CURRICULA CURRICULUM CURRICULUM CURRICULUM REFORM DECENTRALIZATION DROP-OUT RATES ECOLOGY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC TRANSITION EDUCATION BUDGET EDUCATION OUTCOMES EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION PROJECTS EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATION SYSTEMS EMIGRATION EMPLOYMENT ENROLMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMMIGRATION INCOME LEVELS INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS LABOR MARKET LEADERSHIP LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING OUTCOMES LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COMMUNITIES MINISTRIES OF FINANCE MOTIVATION NATIONAL EDUCATION PAPERS PARENTS PARITY POLICY DEVELOPMENT POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRINTING PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC FUNDING PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUPILS QUALIFIED TEACHERS QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION REDUNDANCY REGIONAL EDUCATION SAFETY SCHOOL SCHOOL BUILDINGS SCHOOL LEAVERS SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM SMALL SCHOOLS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL POLICY STANDARDS TEACHER TEACHERS TEACHERS SALARIES TEACHING TEACHING MATERIALS TEACHING PERFORMANCE TEACHING PERSONNEL TEACHING STAFF TEXTBOOKS TEXTBOOKS UNIVERSAL ACCESS VOCATIONAL EDUCATION STUDENT TEACHER RATIO EDUCATION FOR ALL Perkins, Gillian Yemtsov, Ruslan Armenia : Restructuring to Sustain Universal General Education |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Armenia |
| relation |
World Bank Technical Paper;No. 498 |
| description |
Before the breakup of the Soviet Union,
Armenia had a highly developed and expensive education
system, matching the needs of the command economy. The
country is now facing a challenge to sustain universal
coverage and performance standards in primary-secondary
education with a small fraction of the former budget, while
reorienting the system to the needs of a democratic society
and market economy. The purposes of this paper are to
clarify the case for rationalization by quantifying the
future cost implications and affordability of various
educational policy options, and to identify further measures
needed in Armenia to promote restructuring and to secure
adequate financing of the education system over the medium
term. The paper examines recent evolution of the structure
of inputs and expenditure to general education in Armenia in
comparison with international norms and practice, and
outlines various approaches that have been proposed for
restructuring the system in the context of the
government's sectoral reform strategy. Conclusions are
drawn concerning the depth of rationalization and the
financing strategy that would be needed to sustain universal
access and quality of the system over the medium term.
Finally, some of the practical and institutional obstacles
to actually implementing rationalization are identified, and
measures are proposed to help overcome these constraints. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
Perkins, Gillian Yemtsov, Ruslan |
| author_facet |
Perkins, Gillian Yemtsov, Ruslan |
| author_sort |
Perkins, Gillian |
| title |
Armenia : Restructuring to Sustain Universal General Education |
| title_short |
Armenia : Restructuring to Sustain Universal General Education |
| title_full |
Armenia : Restructuring to Sustain Universal General Education |
| title_fullStr |
Armenia : Restructuring to Sustain Universal General Education |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Armenia : Restructuring to Sustain Universal General Education |
| title_sort |
armenia : restructuring to sustain universal general education |
| publisher |
Washington, DC: World Bank |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/03/1089533/armenia-restructuring-sustain-universal-general-education http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13891 |
| _version_ |
1764424760426496000 |