Balancing Flexibility and Worker Protection : Understanding Labor Market Duality in Poland

This paper analyzes the legal and actual gaps in working conditions and returns between permanent and temporary contracts, with a focus on civil law contracts, which are at the center of the debate on widening labor market duality in Poland. We fin...

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Main Author:	World Bank Group
Format:	Report
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	JOBS EMPLOYMENT RISKS LABOR MARKET POLICY UNEMPLOYMENT RATES RIGHTS ECONOMIC GROWTH LABOUR OFFICE ACCOUNTING WAGE GAP SKILLED WORKERS RETIREMENT WAGE DIFFERENTIAL LABOR LAW MINIMUM WAGE INCOME SERVICE SECTOR LABOR TURNOVER AGE GROUP JOB TENURE TOTAL LABOR FORCE INFORMATION LABOR FORCE HEALTH INSURANCE JOB AGE CATEGORIES INCENTIVES LABOR ECONOMICS WAGE LEVEL LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FREELANCE WORKERS TEMPORARY WORKERS CONTRACT LABOR EMPLOYMENT TRENDS EARLY RETIREMENT PAID WORKERS TEMPORARY WORK EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKET MATERNITY LEAVE ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITY LABOR COSTS TRAINING MATERNITY BENEFITS WORKER CONTRACTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY PRODUCTIVITY UNEMPLOYED OLDER WORKERS TEMPORARY WORKER MARKETS HEALTH CONTRIBUTIONS BUSINESS CYCLE LABOR CONTRACTS LABOR PRIME AGE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT LABOUR MARKETS JOB SEARCH LABOR REGULATION LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT JOBLESS GROWTH REGULAR WORKERS PERMANENT WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT AVERAGE WAGES LABOR COST HUMAN CAPITAL PRIVATE SERVICE WORKERS LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS YOUNG WORKERS WAGES POLICIES TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION YOUNG WORKER LABOR DEMAND HIGH EMPLOYMENT LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION VALUE AVERAGE WAGE CONTRIBUTION RATE LABOR CONTRACT NET EMPLOYMENT OCCUPATIONS LABOUR MARKET PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT WORKFORCE SKILLS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES JOB CREATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EARNING EMPLOYMENT DYNAMIC SICK LEAVE MANAGEMENT INSURANCE PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION SEVERANCE PAY TEMPORARY JOBS SECURITY DISMISSAL WORKING CONDITIONS SKILLED OCCUPATIONS PERMANENT JOBS EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP EMPLOYEE YOUNGER WORKERS LAW HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS JOB SECURITY PRIMARY EDUCATION EMPLOYEE BENEFITS WAGE EARNER WAGE DISTRIBUTION LABOUR HEALTH CONTRIBUTION SMALL MANUFACTURING LABOR MARKETS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT STABLE JOB OUTCOMES STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT WAGE EMPLOYMENT LABOR REGULATIONS EMPLOYEES
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/10/24831690/balancing-flexibility-worker-protection-understanding-labor-market-duality-poland http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23024

id	okr-10986-23024
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-230242021-04-23T14:04:11Z Balancing Flexibility and Worker Protection : Understanding Labor Market Duality in Poland World Bank Group JOBS EMPLOYMENT RISKS LABOR MARKET POLICY UNEMPLOYMENT RATES RIGHTS ECONOMIC GROWTH LABOUR OFFICE ACCOUNTING WAGE GAP SKILLED WORKERS RETIREMENT WAGE DIFFERENTIAL LABOR LAW MINIMUM WAGE INCOME SERVICE SECTOR LABOR TURNOVER AGE GROUP JOB TENURE TOTAL LABOR FORCE INFORMATION LABOR FORCE HEALTH INSURANCE JOB AGE CATEGORIES INCENTIVES LABOR ECONOMICS WAGE LEVEL LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FREELANCE WORKERS TEMPORARY WORKERS CONTRACT LABOR EMPLOYMENT TRENDS EARLY RETIREMENT PAID WORKERS TEMPORARY WORK EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKET MATERNITY LEAVE ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITY LABOR COSTS TRAINING MATERNITY BENEFITS WORKER CONTRACTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY PRODUCTIVITY UNEMPLOYED OLDER WORKERS TEMPORARY WORKER MARKETS HEALTH CONTRIBUTIONS BUSINESS CYCLE LABOR CONTRACTS LABOR PRIME AGE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT LABOUR MARKETS JOB SEARCH LABOR REGULATION LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT JOBLESS GROWTH REGULAR WORKERS PERMANENT WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT AVERAGE WAGES LABOR COST HUMAN CAPITAL PRIVATE SERVICE WORKERS LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS YOUNG WORKERS WAGES POLICIES TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION YOUNG WORKER LABOR DEMAND HIGH EMPLOYMENT LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION VALUE AVERAGE WAGE CONTRIBUTION RATE LABOR CONTRACT NET EMPLOYMENT OCCUPATIONS LABOUR MARKET PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT WORKFORCE SKILLS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES JOB CREATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EARNING EMPLOYMENT DYNAMIC SICK LEAVE MANAGEMENT INSURANCE PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION SEVERANCE PAY TEMPORARY JOBS SECURITY DISMISSAL WORKING CONDITIONS SKILLED OCCUPATIONS PERMANENT JOBS EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP EMPLOYEE YOUNGER WORKERS LAW HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS JOB SECURITY PRIMARY EDUCATION EMPLOYEE BENEFITS WAGE EARNER WAGE DISTRIBUTION LABOUR HEALTH CONTRIBUTION SMALL MANUFACTURING LABOR MARKETS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT STABLE JOB OUTCOMES STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT WAGE EMPLOYMENT LABOR REGULATIONS EMPLOYEES This paper analyzes the legal and actual gaps in working conditions and returns between permanent and temporary contracts, with a focus on civil law contracts, which are at the center of the debate on widening labor market duality in Poland. We find that net employment creation in recent years occurred largely through involuntary temporary contracts, especially among the low-skilled and young people. Even accounting for workers heterogeneity, we find a persistent wage gap between permanent and temporary contracts, and limited mobility across contract typologies. Insights from qualitative evidence suggest that narrowing duality without hurting the most vulnerable workers will require a reduction in administrative burdens and implicit costs associated with permanent labor contracts, while eliminating firms’ incentives to strictly prefer temporary contracts. 2015-11-18T19:07:55Z 2015-11-18T19:07:55Z 2014-10 Report http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/10/24831690/balancing-flexibility-worker-protection-understanding-labor-market-duality-poland http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23024 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work Economic & Sector Work :: Other Social Protection Study Europe and Central Asia Poland
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	JOBS EMPLOYMENT RISKS LABOR MARKET POLICY UNEMPLOYMENT RATES RIGHTS ECONOMIC GROWTH LABOUR OFFICE ACCOUNTING WAGE GAP SKILLED WORKERS RETIREMENT WAGE DIFFERENTIAL LABOR LAW MINIMUM WAGE INCOME SERVICE SECTOR LABOR TURNOVER AGE GROUP JOB TENURE TOTAL LABOR FORCE INFORMATION LABOR FORCE HEALTH INSURANCE JOB AGE CATEGORIES INCENTIVES LABOR ECONOMICS WAGE LEVEL LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FREELANCE WORKERS TEMPORARY WORKERS CONTRACT LABOR EMPLOYMENT TRENDS EARLY RETIREMENT PAID WORKERS TEMPORARY WORK EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKET MATERNITY LEAVE ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITY LABOR COSTS TRAINING MATERNITY BENEFITS WORKER CONTRACTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY PRODUCTIVITY UNEMPLOYED OLDER WORKERS TEMPORARY WORKER MARKETS HEALTH CONTRIBUTIONS BUSINESS CYCLE LABOR CONTRACTS LABOR PRIME AGE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT LABOUR MARKETS JOB SEARCH LABOR REGULATION LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT JOBLESS GROWTH REGULAR WORKERS PERMANENT WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT AVERAGE WAGES LABOR COST HUMAN CAPITAL PRIVATE SERVICE WORKERS LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS YOUNG WORKERS WAGES POLICIES TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION YOUNG WORKER LABOR DEMAND HIGH EMPLOYMENT LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION VALUE AVERAGE WAGE CONTRIBUTION RATE LABOR CONTRACT NET EMPLOYMENT OCCUPATIONS LABOUR MARKET PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT WORKFORCE SKILLS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES JOB CREATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EARNING EMPLOYMENT DYNAMIC SICK LEAVE MANAGEMENT INSURANCE PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION SEVERANCE PAY TEMPORARY JOBS SECURITY DISMISSAL WORKING CONDITIONS SKILLED OCCUPATIONS PERMANENT JOBS EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP EMPLOYEE YOUNGER WORKERS LAW HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS JOB SECURITY PRIMARY EDUCATION EMPLOYEE BENEFITS WAGE EARNER WAGE DISTRIBUTION LABOUR HEALTH CONTRIBUTION SMALL MANUFACTURING LABOR MARKETS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT STABLE JOB OUTCOMES STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT WAGE EMPLOYMENT LABOR REGULATIONS EMPLOYEES
spellingShingle	JOBS EMPLOYMENT RISKS LABOR MARKET POLICY UNEMPLOYMENT RATES RIGHTS ECONOMIC GROWTH LABOUR OFFICE ACCOUNTING WAGE GAP SKILLED WORKERS RETIREMENT WAGE DIFFERENTIAL LABOR LAW MINIMUM WAGE INCOME SERVICE SECTOR LABOR TURNOVER AGE GROUP JOB TENURE TOTAL LABOR FORCE INFORMATION LABOR FORCE HEALTH INSURANCE JOB AGE CATEGORIES INCENTIVES LABOR ECONOMICS WAGE LEVEL LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FREELANCE WORKERS TEMPORARY WORKERS CONTRACT LABOR EMPLOYMENT TRENDS EARLY RETIREMENT PAID WORKERS TEMPORARY WORK EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKET MATERNITY LEAVE ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITY LABOR COSTS TRAINING MATERNITY BENEFITS WORKER CONTRACTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY PRODUCTIVITY UNEMPLOYED OLDER WORKERS TEMPORARY WORKER MARKETS HEALTH CONTRIBUTIONS BUSINESS CYCLE LABOR CONTRACTS LABOR PRIME AGE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT LABOUR MARKETS JOB SEARCH LABOR REGULATION LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT JOBLESS GROWTH REGULAR WORKERS PERMANENT WORKERS UNEMPLOYMENT AVERAGE WAGES LABOR COST HUMAN CAPITAL PRIVATE SERVICE WORKERS LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS YOUNG WORKERS WAGES POLICIES TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION YOUNG WORKER LABOR DEMAND HIGH EMPLOYMENT LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION VALUE AVERAGE WAGE CONTRIBUTION RATE LABOR CONTRACT NET EMPLOYMENT OCCUPATIONS LABOUR MARKET PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT WORKFORCE SKILLS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES JOB CREATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EARNING EMPLOYMENT DYNAMIC SICK LEAVE MANAGEMENT INSURANCE PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION SEVERANCE PAY TEMPORARY JOBS SECURITY DISMISSAL WORKING CONDITIONS SKILLED OCCUPATIONS PERMANENT JOBS EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP EMPLOYEE YOUNGER WORKERS LAW HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS JOB SECURITY PRIMARY EDUCATION EMPLOYEE BENEFITS WAGE EARNER WAGE DISTRIBUTION LABOUR HEALTH CONTRIBUTION SMALL MANUFACTURING LABOR MARKETS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT STABLE JOB OUTCOMES STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT WAGE EMPLOYMENT LABOR REGULATIONS EMPLOYEES World Bank Group Balancing Flexibility and Worker Protection : Understanding Labor Market Duality in Poland
geographic_facet	Europe and Central Asia Poland
description	This paper analyzes the legal and actual gaps in working conditions and returns between permanent and temporary contracts, with a focus on civil law contracts, which are at the center of the debate on widening labor market duality in Poland. We find that net employment creation in recent years occurred largely through involuntary temporary contracts, especially among the low-skilled and young people. Even accounting for workers heterogeneity, we find a persistent wage gap between permanent and temporary contracts, and limited mobility across contract typologies. Insights from qualitative evidence suggest that narrowing duality without hurting the most vulnerable workers will require a reduction in administrative burdens and implicit costs associated with permanent labor contracts, while eliminating firms’ incentives to strictly prefer temporary contracts.
format	Report
author	World Bank Group
author_facet	World Bank Group
author_sort	World Bank Group
title	Balancing Flexibility and Worker Protection : Understanding Labor Market Duality in Poland
title_short	Balancing Flexibility and Worker Protection : Understanding Labor Market Duality in Poland
title_full	Balancing Flexibility and Worker Protection : Understanding Labor Market Duality in Poland
title_fullStr	Balancing Flexibility and Worker Protection : Understanding Labor Market Duality in Poland
title_full_unstemmed	Balancing Flexibility and Worker Protection : Understanding Labor Market Duality in Poland
title_sort	balancing flexibility and worker protection : understanding labor market duality in poland
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/10/24831690/balancing-flexibility-worker-protection-understanding-labor-market-duality-poland http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23024
_version_	1764452618468327424

Balancing Flexibility and Worker Protection : Understanding Labor Market Duality in Poland

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