SMEs, Age, and Jobs : A Review of the Literature, Metrics, and Evidence
The subject of which firms are the key employers—and which of these create or destroy jobs at a faster rate—is eminently important for academics and policy makers. The relative importance of small versus large firms and old versus young firms has i...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2015
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25462713/smes-age-jobs-review-literature-metrics-evidence http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23455 |
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okr-10986-234552021-04-23T14:04:15Z SMEs, Age, and Jobs : A Review of the Literature, Metrics, and Evidence Aga, Gemechu Francis, David C. Rodriguez Meza, Jorge JOBS EMPLOYMENT JOB CREATION RATE MOTIVATION ECONOMIC GROWTH ACCOUNTING NET JOB CREATION PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT SHARE FIRM SURVEY INCOME SERVICE SECTOR FIRM DYNAMICS MEDIUM ENTERPRISES TOTAL LABOR FORCE INFORMATION CROSS- SECTIONAL DATA LABOR FORCE SURVIVAL RATE JOB GENERATION MANUFACTURERS JOB AGE CATEGORIES EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL LABOR STATISTICS MERGERS FIRM SIZE TRAINING PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT SIZE DRIVERS SMALL BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT LEVEL FIRM EXIT TRAINING EMPLOYMENT LEVELS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS FIRM LEVEL WORKER PREVIOUS STUDIES FARM EMPLOYMENT LABOR PRODUCTIVITY NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY JOB LOSS JOB CHURNING MARKETS FIRM ORGANIZATIONS BUSINESS CYCLE DOMINANT EMPLOYERS LABOR ENTERPRISES TOTAL EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT CREATION PREVIOUS RESULTS EFFICIENCY SIZE OF FIRMS SMALL ENTERPRISE SHOP FIRM ENTRY AVERAGE EMPLOYMENT SIZE SMALL FIRM FIRMS WORKERS JOB DESTRUCTION RATES POLICIES OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE SMALL ENTERPRISES TURNOVER VALUE PLANT SIZE NET EMPLOYMENT STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES JOB CREATION RATES AGE GROUPS CO-OPERATIVES PRIVATE FIRMS ENTERPRISE PRODUCTIVE FIRMS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH JOB CREATION PRIVATE SECTOR DOWNWARD BIAS MARKET JOB FLOWS ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYERS ECONOMICS EXPANSION JOB DESTRUCTION THEORY FIRM” LEVEL SECURITY RISK JOB DESTRUCTION RATE CONTRACTING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT EMPLOYEE INNOVATION EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS LENDING LABOUR REGULATION SMALL FIRMS SUPPLIERS FIRM GROWTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP LABOUR EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE SMALL BUSINESSES SME EMPLOYEES The subject of which firms are the key employers—and which of these create or destroy jobs at a faster rate—is eminently important for academics and policy makers. The relative importance of small versus large firms and old versus young firms has in particular been extensively debated and studied. Nevertheless, the results often hinge on the questions that are asked. Moreover, the categorical definitions used to define firm size and age, and the nature and coverage of the data used have important effects. This paper lays out the relevant definitions and metrics that are central to the debate, reviewing the main findings to date on the subject (with particular emphasis on results in developing economies). The paper adds updated results for 117 developing economies using the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey Data, finding that (i) small and medium enterprises and older establishments are the dominant employers in the nonagricultural private sector labor force in developing economies, and (ii) net job creation is negatively correlated with establishment age and, although the effect of size is also negative, its significance is sensitive to the definition and methods used. 2015-12-18T20:52:15Z 2015-12-18T20:52:15Z 2015-11 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25462713/smes-age-jobs-review-literature-metrics-evidence http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23455 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7493 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
JOBS EMPLOYMENT JOB CREATION RATE MOTIVATION ECONOMIC GROWTH ACCOUNTING NET JOB CREATION PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT SHARE FIRM SURVEY INCOME SERVICE SECTOR FIRM DYNAMICS MEDIUM ENTERPRISES TOTAL LABOR FORCE INFORMATION CROSS- SECTIONAL DATA LABOR FORCE SURVIVAL RATE JOB GENERATION MANUFACTURERS JOB AGE CATEGORIES EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL LABOR STATISTICS MERGERS FIRM SIZE TRAINING PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT SIZE DRIVERS SMALL BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT LEVEL FIRM EXIT TRAINING EMPLOYMENT LEVELS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS FIRM LEVEL WORKER PREVIOUS STUDIES FARM EMPLOYMENT LABOR PRODUCTIVITY NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY JOB LOSS JOB CHURNING MARKETS FIRM ORGANIZATIONS BUSINESS CYCLE DOMINANT EMPLOYERS LABOR ENTERPRISES TOTAL EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT CREATION PREVIOUS RESULTS EFFICIENCY SIZE OF FIRMS SMALL ENTERPRISE SHOP FIRM ENTRY AVERAGE EMPLOYMENT SIZE SMALL FIRM FIRMS WORKERS JOB DESTRUCTION RATES POLICIES OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE SMALL ENTERPRISES TURNOVER VALUE PLANT SIZE NET EMPLOYMENT STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES JOB CREATION RATES AGE GROUPS CO-OPERATIVES PRIVATE FIRMS ENTERPRISE PRODUCTIVE FIRMS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH JOB CREATION PRIVATE SECTOR DOWNWARD BIAS MARKET JOB FLOWS ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYERS ECONOMICS EXPANSION JOB DESTRUCTION THEORY FIRM” LEVEL SECURITY RISK JOB DESTRUCTION RATE CONTRACTING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT EMPLOYEE INNOVATION EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS LENDING LABOUR REGULATION SMALL FIRMS SUPPLIERS FIRM GROWTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP LABOUR EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE SMALL BUSINESSES SME EMPLOYEES |
| spellingShingle |
JOBS EMPLOYMENT JOB CREATION RATE MOTIVATION ECONOMIC GROWTH ACCOUNTING NET JOB CREATION PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT SHARE FIRM SURVEY INCOME SERVICE SECTOR FIRM DYNAMICS MEDIUM ENTERPRISES TOTAL LABOR FORCE INFORMATION CROSS- SECTIONAL DATA LABOR FORCE SURVIVAL RATE JOB GENERATION MANUFACTURERS JOB AGE CATEGORIES EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL LABOR STATISTICS MERGERS FIRM SIZE TRAINING PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT SIZE DRIVERS SMALL BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT LEVEL FIRM EXIT TRAINING EMPLOYMENT LEVELS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS FIRM LEVEL WORKER PREVIOUS STUDIES FARM EMPLOYMENT LABOR PRODUCTIVITY NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY JOB LOSS JOB CHURNING MARKETS FIRM ORGANIZATIONS BUSINESS CYCLE DOMINANT EMPLOYERS LABOR ENTERPRISES TOTAL EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT CREATION PREVIOUS RESULTS EFFICIENCY SIZE OF FIRMS SMALL ENTERPRISE SHOP FIRM ENTRY AVERAGE EMPLOYMENT SIZE SMALL FIRM FIRMS WORKERS JOB DESTRUCTION RATES POLICIES OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE SMALL ENTERPRISES TURNOVER VALUE PLANT SIZE NET EMPLOYMENT STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES JOB CREATION RATES AGE GROUPS CO-OPERATIVES PRIVATE FIRMS ENTERPRISE PRODUCTIVE FIRMS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH JOB CREATION PRIVATE SECTOR DOWNWARD BIAS MARKET JOB FLOWS ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYERS ECONOMICS EXPANSION JOB DESTRUCTION THEORY FIRM” LEVEL SECURITY RISK JOB DESTRUCTION RATE CONTRACTING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT EMPLOYEE INNOVATION EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS LENDING LABOUR REGULATION SMALL FIRMS SUPPLIERS FIRM GROWTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP LABOUR EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE SMALL BUSINESSES SME EMPLOYEES Aga, Gemechu Francis, David C. Rodriguez Meza, Jorge SMEs, Age, and Jobs : A Review of the Literature, Metrics, and Evidence |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7493 |
| description |
The subject of which firms are the key
employers—and which of these create or destroy jobs at a
faster rate—is eminently important for academics and policy
makers. The relative importance of small versus large firms
and old versus young firms has in particular been
extensively debated and studied. Nevertheless, the results
often hinge on the questions that are asked. Moreover, the
categorical definitions used to define firm size and age,
and the nature and coverage of the data used have important
effects. This paper lays out the relevant definitions and
metrics that are central to the debate, reviewing the main
findings to date on the subject (with particular emphasis on
results in developing economies). The paper adds updated
results for 117 developing economies using the World Bank’s
Enterprise Survey Data, finding that (i) small and medium
enterprises and older establishments are the dominant
employers in the nonagricultural private sector labor force
in developing economies, and (ii) net job creation is
negatively correlated with establishment age and, although
the effect of size is also negative, its significance is
sensitive to the definition and methods used. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Aga, Gemechu Francis, David C. Rodriguez Meza, Jorge |
| author_facet |
Aga, Gemechu Francis, David C. Rodriguez Meza, Jorge |
| author_sort |
Aga, Gemechu |
| title |
SMEs, Age, and Jobs : A Review of the Literature, Metrics, and Evidence |
| title_short |
SMEs, Age, and Jobs : A Review of the Literature, Metrics, and Evidence |
| title_full |
SMEs, Age, and Jobs : A Review of the Literature, Metrics, and Evidence |
| title_fullStr |
SMEs, Age, and Jobs : A Review of the Literature, Metrics, and Evidence |
| title_full_unstemmed |
SMEs, Age, and Jobs : A Review of the Literature, Metrics, and Evidence |
| title_sort |
smes, age, and jobs : a review of the literature, metrics, and evidence |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25462713/smes-age-jobs-review-literature-metrics-evidence http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23455 |
| _version_ |
1764453889730412544 |