Globalization and the Gender Earnings Gap : Evidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodia
Disasters in Bangladesh and protests elsewhere have created an intense debate about the value, particularly to women, of apparel employment in developing countries. This paper focuses on how the forces of globalization, specifically the Multi-Fibre...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2017
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/699061482849262999/Globalization-and-the-gender-earnings-gap-evidence-from-Sri-Lanka-and-Cambodia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/25833 |
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okr-10986-258332021-06-08T14:42:46Z Globalization and the Gender Earnings Gap : Evidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodia Savchenko, Yevgeniya Lopez Acevedo, Gladys Robertson, Raymond globalization gender wage gap gender apparel Multi-Fibre Arrangement textiles wages working condition MFA employment Disasters in Bangladesh and protests elsewhere have created an intense debate about the value, particularly to women, of apparel employment in developing countries. This paper focuses on how the forces of globalization, specifically the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA), have affected women's wages in the apparel sector in developing countries. The paper uses household and labor force surveys from Cambodia and Sri Lanka to estimate both apparel wage premiums relative to other industries and the male-female wage gap before and after the end of the MFA. The approach builds on new models that apply traditional trade theory (e.g., the Heckscher-Ohlin and Stolper-Samuelson theorems) to analyze the effect of globalization on gender-based earnings. The authors find large positive wage premiums and a closing of the male-female wage gap during the MFA period, but smaller premiums and a widening wage gap after the end of the MFA. The results suggest that the benefits of apparel exports for women in developing countries remain significant post-MFA. They also model an approach for studying the effects of globalization that differentiates males and females as separate factors. This may be a fruitful alternative to discrimination models or those that analyze the effects of globalization on women in terms of skill. Further research is necessary to identify the potential development effects of post-MFA apparel employment and to thoroughly compare the benefits documented in this paper with the costs that may come with apparel jobs. 2017-01-10T18:18:07Z 2017-01-10T18:18:07Z 2016-12 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/699061482849262999/Globalization-and-the-gender-earnings-gap-evidence-from-Sri-Lanka-and-Cambodia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/25833 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7930 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper East Asia and Pacific South Asia Cambodia Sri Lanka |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
globalization gender wage gap gender apparel Multi-Fibre Arrangement textiles wages working condition MFA employment |
| spellingShingle |
globalization gender wage gap gender apparel Multi-Fibre Arrangement textiles wages working condition MFA employment Savchenko, Yevgeniya Lopez Acevedo, Gladys Robertson, Raymond Globalization and the Gender Earnings Gap : Evidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodia |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific South Asia Cambodia Sri Lanka |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7930 |
| description |
Disasters in Bangladesh and protests
elsewhere have created an intense debate about the value,
particularly to women, of apparel employment in developing
countries. This paper focuses on how the forces of
globalization, specifically the Multi-Fibre Arrangement
(MFA), have affected women's wages in the apparel
sector in developing countries. The paper uses household and
labor force surveys from Cambodia and Sri Lanka to estimate
both apparel wage premiums relative to other industries and
the male-female wage gap before and after the end of the
MFA. The approach builds on new models that apply
traditional trade theory (e.g., the Heckscher-Ohlin and
Stolper-Samuelson theorems) to analyze the effect of
globalization on gender-based earnings. The authors find
large positive wage premiums and a closing of the
male-female wage gap during the MFA period, but smaller
premiums and a widening wage gap after the end of the MFA.
The results suggest that the benefits of apparel exports for
women in developing countries remain significant post-MFA.
They also model an approach for studying the effects of
globalization that differentiates males and females as
separate factors. This may be a fruitful alternative to
discrimination models or those that analyze the effects of
globalization on women in terms of skill. Further research
is necessary to identify the potential development effects
of post-MFA apparel employment and to thoroughly compare the
benefits documented in this paper with the costs that may
come with apparel jobs. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Savchenko, Yevgeniya Lopez Acevedo, Gladys Robertson, Raymond |
| author_facet |
Savchenko, Yevgeniya Lopez Acevedo, Gladys Robertson, Raymond |
| author_sort |
Savchenko, Yevgeniya |
| title |
Globalization and the Gender Earnings Gap : Evidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodia |
| title_short |
Globalization and the Gender Earnings Gap : Evidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodia |
| title_full |
Globalization and the Gender Earnings Gap : Evidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodia |
| title_fullStr |
Globalization and the Gender Earnings Gap : Evidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Globalization and the Gender Earnings Gap : Evidence from Sri Lanka and Cambodia |
| title_sort |
globalization and the gender earnings gap : evidence from sri lanka and cambodia |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/699061482849262999/Globalization-and-the-gender-earnings-gap-evidence-from-Sri-Lanka-and-Cambodia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/25833 |
| _version_ |
1764460265667035136 |