Reflections of Employers' Gender Preferences in Job Ads in India : An Analysis of Online Job Portal Data

Reflections of Employers' Gender Preferences in Job Ads in India : An Analysis of Online Job Portal Data

Using online job portal data and probabilistic regression estimations, the paper investigates the explicit gender bias and salary gap in the Indian job market, reflected in more than 800,000 job recruitment advertisements. Exploring formal and info...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chowdhury, Afra R., Areias, Ana C., Imaizumi, Saori, Nomura, Shinsaku, Yamauchi, Futoshi
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2018
Subjects:
GENDER TARGETING
LABOR MARKET
HIRING PRACTICES
GENDER WAGE GAP
RECRUITMENT ADS
JOB APPLICATION
EMPLOYER PREFERENCE
JOB MARKET
GENDER BIAS
HIRING BIAS
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/548581522089881652/Reflections-of-employers-gender-preferences-in-job-ads-in-India-an-analysis-of-online-job-portal-data
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29559
id okr-10986-29559
recordtype oai_dc
spelling okr-10986-295592021-06-08T14:42:45Z Reflections of Employers' Gender Preferences in Job Ads in India : An Analysis of Online Job Portal Data Chowdhury, Afra R. Areias, Ana C. Imaizumi, Saori Nomura, Shinsaku Yamauchi, Futoshi GENDER TARGETING LABOR MARKET HIRING PRACTICES GENDER WAGE GAP RECRUITMENT ADS JOB APPLICATION EMPLOYER PREFERENCE JOB MARKET GENDER BIAS HIRING BIAS Using online job portal data and probabilistic regression estimations, the paper investigates the explicit gender bias and salary gap in the Indian job market, reflected in more than 800,000 job recruitment advertisements. Exploring formal and informal sector occupations, the study finds high existence of employers' gender bias in hiring. Explicit gender preferences are highly job specific, and it is common to mention the preferred gender in job ads, which, in general, favor men over women. Although ads for professional occupations exhibit less explicit gender bias, they are not gender neutral. In all types of professional jobs, irrespective of the share of ads with preference for men or women, on average, ads targeting men specify/offer much higher salary. Employers in elementary sectors as well as blue-collar jobs express more segregated gender preference. The findings support the existing research that argues women are more preferred in low-quality, low-status, typically low-paid informal jobs. Targeting women for low-quality jobs explains half of the mean offered salary gap specified in ads; the rest is direct gender bias. The paper also suggests that, with the rise of new technology and sectors, gender bias in hiring in those new types of jobs is expected to decline. 2018-03-30T18:30:30Z 2018-03-30T18:30:30Z 2018-03 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/548581522089881652/Reflections-of-employers-gender-preferences-in-job-ads-in-India-an-analysis-of-online-job-portal-data http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29559 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 8379 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper South Asia India
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic GENDER TARGETING
LABOR MARKET
HIRING PRACTICES
GENDER WAGE GAP
RECRUITMENT ADS
JOB APPLICATION
EMPLOYER PREFERENCE
JOB MARKET
GENDER BIAS
HIRING BIAS
spellingShingle GENDER TARGETING
LABOR MARKET
HIRING PRACTICES
GENDER WAGE GAP
RECRUITMENT ADS
JOB APPLICATION
EMPLOYER PREFERENCE
JOB MARKET
GENDER BIAS
HIRING BIAS
Chowdhury, Afra R.
Areias, Ana C.
Imaizumi, Saori
Nomura, Shinsaku
Yamauchi, Futoshi
Reflections of Employers' Gender Preferences in Job Ads in India : An Analysis of Online Job Portal Data
geographic_facet South Asia
India
relation Policy Research Working Paper;No. 8379
description Using online job portal data and probabilistic regression estimations, the paper investigates the explicit gender bias and salary gap in the Indian job market, reflected in more than 800,000 job recruitment advertisements. Exploring formal and informal sector occupations, the study finds high existence of employers' gender bias in hiring. Explicit gender preferences are highly job specific, and it is common to mention the preferred gender in job ads, which, in general, favor men over women. Although ads for professional occupations exhibit less explicit gender bias, they are not gender neutral. In all types of professional jobs, irrespective of the share of ads with preference for men or women, on average, ads targeting men specify/offer much higher salary. Employers in elementary sectors as well as blue-collar jobs express more segregated gender preference. The findings support the existing research that argues women are more preferred in low-quality, low-status, typically low-paid informal jobs. Targeting women for low-quality jobs explains half of the mean offered salary gap specified in ads; the rest is direct gender bias. The paper also suggests that, with the rise of new technology and sectors, gender bias in hiring in those new types of jobs is expected to decline.
format Working Paper
author Chowdhury, Afra R.
Areias, Ana C.
Imaizumi, Saori
Nomura, Shinsaku
Yamauchi, Futoshi
author_facet Chowdhury, Afra R.
Areias, Ana C.
Imaizumi, Saori
Nomura, Shinsaku
Yamauchi, Futoshi
author_sort Chowdhury, Afra R.
title Reflections of Employers' Gender Preferences in Job Ads in India : An Analysis of Online Job Portal Data
title_short Reflections of Employers' Gender Preferences in Job Ads in India : An Analysis of Online Job Portal Data
title_full Reflections of Employers' Gender Preferences in Job Ads in India : An Analysis of Online Job Portal Data
title_fullStr Reflections of Employers' Gender Preferences in Job Ads in India : An Analysis of Online Job Portal Data
title_full_unstemmed Reflections of Employers' Gender Preferences in Job Ads in India : An Analysis of Online Job Portal Data
title_sort reflections of employers' gender preferences in job ads in india : an analysis of online job portal data
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2018
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/548581522089881652/Reflections-of-employers-gender-preferences-in-job-ads-in-India-an-analysis-of-online-job-portal-data
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29559
_version_ 1764469715767394304

Similar Items