Responding to Afghanistan's Opium Economy Challenge : Lessons and Policy Implications from a Development Perspective

Opium, Afghanistan's leading economic activity, lies at the heart of the challenges the country faces in state building, governance, security, and development. With their narrow law enforcement focus and limited recognition of development, se...

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Main Author:	Byrd, William A.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO ASSETS ACCESS TO MARKETS ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES ADVERSE IMPACT ADVERSE IMPACTS AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL INPUTS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES ALMONDS ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS ASSET SALES CAPACITY BUILDING CAPITAL FLIGHT CARTEL CASH-FOR-WORK CEREALS CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATES COMMODITY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COPING MECHANISMS CROP CROP SUBSTITUTION CROPPING CROPPING PATTERNS CROPS DEBT DEPENDENCE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DRUG CONTROL DRUG INDUSTRY DRUG USE DRUG USERS EXCHANGE RATES EXPORTS FARM FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME FARM-GATE FARMERS FERTILIZER FOODGRAINS GRAIN GROWING SEASON HARVESTING HARVESTS HEROIN HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS ILLICIT DRUGS ILLICIT OPIATES INVENTORIES IRRIGATION LABOR MARKETS LIQUIDITY LIVELIHOODS ACTIVITIES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MORPHINE MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NARCOTICS OPIATE OPIUM OPIUM CULTIVATION OPIUM ECONOMY OPIUM POPPY OPIUM PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITY COST PHARMACEUTICALS PLANTING POORER AREAS POPPY CULTIVATION POPPY ERADICATION POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE FLUCTUATIONS PRODUCTION INCENTIVES PRODUCTION OF WHEAT REMOTE AREAS RISK PREMIUM RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL FINANCE RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LIVELIHOODS RURAL POPULATION RURAL POPULATIONS RURAL PROJECTS RURAL WAGES SEEDS SHARECROPPERS SIDE EFFECTS SOIL QUALITY SPRING STRAW WATER AVAILABILITY WATER USE WATERLOGGED SOILS WEALTH WHEAT FLOUR YIELDS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9051338/responding-afghanistans-opium-economy-challenge-lessons-policy-implications-development-perspective http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6563

id	okr-10986-6563
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-65632021-04-23T14:02:31Z Responding to Afghanistan's Opium Economy Challenge : Lessons and Policy Implications from a Development Perspective Byrd, William A. ACCESS TO ASSETS ACCESS TO MARKETS ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES ADVERSE IMPACT ADVERSE IMPACTS AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL INPUTS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES ALMONDS ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS ASSET SALES CAPACITY BUILDING CAPITAL FLIGHT CARTEL CASH-FOR-WORK CEREALS CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATES COMMODITY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COPING MECHANISMS CROP CROP SUBSTITUTION CROPPING CROPPING PATTERNS CROPS DEBT DEPENDENCE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DRUG CONTROL DRUG INDUSTRY DRUG USE DRUG USERS EXCHANGE RATES EXPORTS FARM FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME FARM-GATE FARMERS FERTILIZER FOODGRAINS GRAIN GROWING SEASON HARVESTING HARVESTS HEROIN HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS ILLICIT DRUGS ILLICIT OPIATES INVENTORIES IRRIGATION LABOR MARKETS LIQUIDITY LIVELIHOODS ACTIVITIES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MORPHINE MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NARCOTICS OPIATE OPIUM OPIUM CULTIVATION OPIUM ECONOMY OPIUM POPPY OPIUM PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITY COST PHARMACEUTICALS PLANTING POORER AREAS POPPY CULTIVATION POPPY ERADICATION POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE FLUCTUATIONS PRODUCTION INCENTIVES PRODUCTION OF WHEAT REMOTE AREAS RISK PREMIUM RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL FINANCE RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LIVELIHOODS RURAL POPULATION RURAL POPULATIONS RURAL PROJECTS RURAL WAGES SEEDS SHARECROPPERS SIDE EFFECTS SOIL QUALITY SPRING STRAW WATER AVAILABILITY WATER USE WATERLOGGED SOILS WEALTH WHEAT FLOUR YIELDS Opium, Afghanistan's leading economic activity, lies at the heart of the challenges the country faces in state building, governance, security, and development. With their narrow law enforcement focus and limited recognition of development, security, and political implications, current global counter-narcotics polices impose a heavy burden on Afghanistan. This paper first provides a summary overview of Afghanistan's opium economy and the factors determining rural households' decisions on cultivating opium poppy. It then discusses the dynamic evolution of the Afghan drug industry in recent years, in particular its consolidation around fewer, powerful, politically-connected actors and the associated compromising of parts of some government agencies by drug industry interests. The paper reviews the experience with different counter-narcotics interventions, analyzes some proposals not yet tried in Afghanistan, and draws lessons and policy implications. Unfortunately there are no "silver bullets"-easy, quick, or one-dimensional solutions, and a longer-term horizon along with sustained commitment and resources will be required in order to phase out the opium economy over time. The paper concludes by putting forward some broad principles and approaches of a "smart strategy" against drugs in Afghanistan. 2012-05-29T17:26:44Z 2012-05-29T17:26:44Z 2008-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9051338/responding-afghanistans-opium-economy-challenge-lessons-policy-implications-development-perspective http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6563 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4545 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia Afghanistan
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCESS TO ASSETS ACCESS TO MARKETS ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES ADVERSE IMPACT ADVERSE IMPACTS AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL INPUTS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES ALMONDS ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS ASSET SALES CAPACITY BUILDING CAPITAL FLIGHT CARTEL CASH-FOR-WORK CEREALS CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATES COMMODITY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COPING MECHANISMS CROP CROP SUBSTITUTION CROPPING CROPPING PATTERNS CROPS DEBT DEPENDENCE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DRUG CONTROL DRUG INDUSTRY DRUG USE DRUG USERS EXCHANGE RATES EXPORTS FARM FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME FARM-GATE FARMERS FERTILIZER FOODGRAINS GRAIN GROWING SEASON HARVESTING HARVESTS HEROIN HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS ILLICIT DRUGS ILLICIT OPIATES INVENTORIES IRRIGATION LABOR MARKETS LIQUIDITY LIVELIHOODS ACTIVITIES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MORPHINE MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NARCOTICS OPIATE OPIUM OPIUM CULTIVATION OPIUM ECONOMY OPIUM POPPY OPIUM PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITY COST PHARMACEUTICALS PLANTING POORER AREAS POPPY CULTIVATION POPPY ERADICATION POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE FLUCTUATIONS PRODUCTION INCENTIVES PRODUCTION OF WHEAT REMOTE AREAS RISK PREMIUM RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL FINANCE RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LIVELIHOODS RURAL POPULATION RURAL POPULATIONS RURAL PROJECTS RURAL WAGES SEEDS SHARECROPPERS SIDE EFFECTS SOIL QUALITY SPRING STRAW WATER AVAILABILITY WATER USE WATERLOGGED SOILS WEALTH WHEAT FLOUR YIELDS
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO ASSETS ACCESS TO MARKETS ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES ADVERSE IMPACT ADVERSE IMPACTS AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL INPUTS AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES ALMONDS ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS ASSET SALES CAPACITY BUILDING CAPITAL FLIGHT CARTEL CASH-FOR-WORK CEREALS CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATES COMMODITY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COPING MECHANISMS CROP CROP SUBSTITUTION CROPPING CROPPING PATTERNS CROPS DEBT DEPENDENCE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DRUG CONTROL DRUG INDUSTRY DRUG USE DRUG USERS EXCHANGE RATES EXPORTS FARM FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME FARM-GATE FARMERS FERTILIZER FOODGRAINS GRAIN GROWING SEASON HARVESTING HARVESTS HEROIN HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS ILLICIT DRUGS ILLICIT OPIATES INVENTORIES IRRIGATION LABOR MARKETS LIQUIDITY LIVELIHOODS ACTIVITIES LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MORPHINE MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NARCOTICS OPIATE OPIUM OPIUM CULTIVATION OPIUM ECONOMY OPIUM POPPY OPIUM PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITY COST PHARMACEUTICALS PLANTING POORER AREAS POPPY CULTIVATION POPPY ERADICATION POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE FLUCTUATIONS PRODUCTION INCENTIVES PRODUCTION OF WHEAT REMOTE AREAS RISK PREMIUM RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL FINANCE RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LIVELIHOODS RURAL POPULATION RURAL POPULATIONS RURAL PROJECTS RURAL WAGES SEEDS SHARECROPPERS SIDE EFFECTS SOIL QUALITY SPRING STRAW WATER AVAILABILITY WATER USE WATERLOGGED SOILS WEALTH WHEAT FLOUR YIELDS Byrd, William A. Responding to Afghanistan's Opium Economy Challenge : Lessons and Policy Implications from a Development Perspective
geographic_facet	South Asia Afghanistan
relation	Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4545
description	Opium, Afghanistan's leading economic activity, lies at the heart of the challenges the country faces in state building, governance, security, and development. With their narrow law enforcement focus and limited recognition of development, security, and political implications, current global counter-narcotics polices impose a heavy burden on Afghanistan. This paper first provides a summary overview of Afghanistan's opium economy and the factors determining rural households' decisions on cultivating opium poppy. It then discusses the dynamic evolution of the Afghan drug industry in recent years, in particular its consolidation around fewer, powerful, politically-connected actors and the associated compromising of parts of some government agencies by drug industry interests. The paper reviews the experience with different counter-narcotics interventions, analyzes some proposals not yet tried in Afghanistan, and draws lessons and policy implications. Unfortunately there are no "silver bullets"-easy, quick, or one-dimensional solutions, and a longer-term horizon along with sustained commitment and resources will be required in order to phase out the opium economy over time. The paper concludes by putting forward some broad principles and approaches of a "smart strategy" against drugs in Afghanistan.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Byrd, William A.
author_facet	Byrd, William A.
author_sort	Byrd, William A.
title	Responding to Afghanistan's Opium Economy Challenge : Lessons and Policy Implications from a Development Perspective
title_short	Responding to Afghanistan's Opium Economy Challenge : Lessons and Policy Implications from a Development Perspective
title_full	Responding to Afghanistan's Opium Economy Challenge : Lessons and Policy Implications from a Development Perspective
title_fullStr	Responding to Afghanistan's Opium Economy Challenge : Lessons and Policy Implications from a Development Perspective
title_full_unstemmed	Responding to Afghanistan's Opium Economy Challenge : Lessons and Policy Implications from a Development Perspective
title_sort	responding to afghanistan's opium economy challenge : lessons and policy implications from a development perspective
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2012
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9051338/responding-afghanistans-opium-economy-challenge-lessons-policy-implications-development-perspective http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6563
_version_	1764400498938478592

Responding to Afghanistan's Opium Economy Challenge : Lessons and Policy Implications from a Development Perspective

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