How Pro-Poor Is the Selection of Seasonal Migrant Workers from Tonga under New Zealand's Recognized Seasonal Employer Program?
Temporary migration programs for unskilled workers are increasingly being proposed as a way to both relieve labor shortages in developed countries and aid development in sending countries without entailing many of the costs associated with permanen...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/08/9794375/pro-poor-selection-seasonal-migrant-workers-tonga-under-new-zealands-recognized-seasonal-employer-program http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6786 |
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okr-10986-67862021-04-23T14:02:32Z How Pro-Poor Is the Selection of Seasonal Migrant Workers from Tonga under New Zealand's Recognized Seasonal Employer Program? Gibson, John McKenzie, David Rohorua, Halahingano AGE GROUP AGRICULTURAL INCOME AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT APPLICATION PROCESS ATM ATM CARD AWARENESS CAMPAIGN BANK ACCOUNT BUDGETING CHURCH MEETINGS COMMUNITY LEADERS COMMUNITY SURVEY CONTRACTOR DEPOSIT EARNING EARNINGS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION LEVELS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EQUALITY EXPENDITURE FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBER FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE PARTICIPATION FINANCIAL HARDSHIP FINANCIAL NEED GENDER HOURS OF WORK HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLDS INCOME LEVEL INCOMES INFLATION INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION JOB OFFER JOBS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR SHORTAGES LABOUR LITERACY LOCAL NEWSPAPERS LOW INCOME MIGRANT WORKERS MINIMUM WAGE PACIFIC ISLANDS PERMANENT RESIDENCE PHONE PENETRATION PREVIOUS WAGE PRIVATE SECTOR RAPID GROWTH REMITTANCES RURAL WORKERS SALES SEASONAL WORKERS SKILLED INDIVIDUALS SMALL BUSINESS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES TEMPORARY WORK TOTAL COST UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN WORKERS VILLAGE VILLAGES WAGE SECTOR WAGES WORK IN PROGRESS WORK PROGRAM WORKER WORKING WORKING AGE Temporary migration programs for unskilled workers are increasingly being proposed as a way to both relieve labor shortages in developed countries and aid development in sending countries without entailing many of the costs associated with permanent migration. New Zealand's new Recognized Seasonal Employer program is designed to enable unskilled workers from the Pacific Islands to work in horticulture and viticulture in New Zealand for a period of up to seven months. However, the development impact on a sending country will depend not only on how many workers participate, but also on who participates. This paper uses new survey data from Tonga to examine the process of selecting workers for the Recognized Seasonal Employer program, and to analyze how pro-poor the recruitment process has been to date. The findings show that recruited workers come from largely agricultural backgrounds, and have lower average incomes and schooling levels than Tongans not participating in the program. Comparing the characteristics of program workers with those of Tongans applying to permanently migrate to New Zealand through the Pacific Access Category, the program workers are more rural and less educated. The program therefore seems to have succeeded in creating new opportunities for relatively poor and unskilled Tongans to work in New Zealand. 2012-05-31T19:40:55Z 2012-05-31T19:40:55Z 2008-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/08/9794375/pro-poor-selection-seasonal-migrant-workers-tonga-under-new-zealands-recognized-seasonal-employer-program http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6786 English Policy Research Working Paper No. 4698 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific New Zealand Tonga |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
AGE GROUP AGRICULTURAL INCOME AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT APPLICATION PROCESS ATM ATM CARD AWARENESS CAMPAIGN BANK ACCOUNT BUDGETING CHURCH MEETINGS COMMUNITY LEADERS COMMUNITY SURVEY CONTRACTOR DEPOSIT EARNING EARNINGS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION LEVELS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EQUALITY EXPENDITURE FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBER FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE PARTICIPATION FINANCIAL HARDSHIP FINANCIAL NEED GENDER HOURS OF WORK HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLDS INCOME LEVEL INCOMES INFLATION INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION JOB OFFER JOBS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR SHORTAGES LABOUR LITERACY LOCAL NEWSPAPERS LOW INCOME MIGRANT WORKERS MINIMUM WAGE PACIFIC ISLANDS PERMANENT RESIDENCE PHONE PENETRATION PREVIOUS WAGE PRIVATE SECTOR RAPID GROWTH REMITTANCES RURAL WORKERS SALES SEASONAL WORKERS SKILLED INDIVIDUALS SMALL BUSINESS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES TEMPORARY WORK TOTAL COST UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN WORKERS VILLAGE VILLAGES WAGE SECTOR WAGES WORK IN PROGRESS WORK PROGRAM WORKER WORKING WORKING AGE |
| spellingShingle |
AGE GROUP AGRICULTURAL INCOME AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT APPLICATION PROCESS ATM ATM CARD AWARENESS CAMPAIGN BANK ACCOUNT BUDGETING CHURCH MEETINGS COMMUNITY LEADERS COMMUNITY SURVEY CONTRACTOR DEPOSIT EARNING EARNINGS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION LEVELS EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EQUALITY EXPENDITURE FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBER FAMILY MEMBERS FEMALE PARTICIPATION FINANCIAL HARDSHIP FINANCIAL NEED GENDER HOURS OF WORK HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLDS INCOME LEVEL INCOMES INFLATION INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION JOB OFFER JOBS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR SHORTAGES LABOUR LITERACY LOCAL NEWSPAPERS LOW INCOME MIGRANT WORKERS MINIMUM WAGE PACIFIC ISLANDS PERMANENT RESIDENCE PHONE PENETRATION PREVIOUS WAGE PRIVATE SECTOR RAPID GROWTH REMITTANCES RURAL WORKERS SALES SEASONAL WORKERS SKILLED INDIVIDUALS SMALL BUSINESS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES TEMPORARY WORK TOTAL COST UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN WORKERS VILLAGE VILLAGES WAGE SECTOR WAGES WORK IN PROGRESS WORK PROGRAM WORKER WORKING WORKING AGE Gibson, John McKenzie, David Rohorua, Halahingano How Pro-Poor Is the Selection of Seasonal Migrant Workers from Tonga under New Zealand's Recognized Seasonal Employer Program? |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific New Zealand Tonga |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper No. 4698 |
| description |
Temporary migration programs for
unskilled workers are increasingly being proposed as a way
to both relieve labor shortages in developed countries and
aid development in sending countries without entailing many
of the costs associated with permanent migration. New
Zealand's new Recognized Seasonal Employer program is
designed to enable unskilled workers from the Pacific
Islands to work in horticulture and viticulture in New
Zealand for a period of up to seven months. However, the
development impact on a sending country will depend not only
on how many workers participate, but also on who
participates. This paper uses new survey data from Tonga to
examine the process of selecting workers for the Recognized
Seasonal Employer program, and to analyze how pro-poor the
recruitment process has been to date. The findings show that
recruited workers come from largely agricultural
backgrounds, and have lower average incomes and schooling
levels than Tongans not participating in the program.
Comparing the characteristics of program workers with those
of Tongans applying to permanently migrate to New Zealand
through the Pacific Access Category, the program workers are
more rural and less educated. The program therefore seems to
have succeeded in creating new opportunities for relatively
poor and unskilled Tongans to work in New Zealand. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Gibson, John McKenzie, David Rohorua, Halahingano |
| author_facet |
Gibson, John McKenzie, David Rohorua, Halahingano |
| author_sort |
Gibson, John |
| title |
How Pro-Poor Is the Selection of Seasonal Migrant Workers from Tonga under New Zealand's Recognized Seasonal Employer Program? |
| title_short |
How Pro-Poor Is the Selection of Seasonal Migrant Workers from Tonga under New Zealand's Recognized Seasonal Employer Program? |
| title_full |
How Pro-Poor Is the Selection of Seasonal Migrant Workers from Tonga under New Zealand's Recognized Seasonal Employer Program? |
| title_fullStr |
How Pro-Poor Is the Selection of Seasonal Migrant Workers from Tonga under New Zealand's Recognized Seasonal Employer Program? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
How Pro-Poor Is the Selection of Seasonal Migrant Workers from Tonga under New Zealand's Recognized Seasonal Employer Program? |
| title_sort |
how pro-poor is the selection of seasonal migrant workers from tonga under new zealand's recognized seasonal employer program? |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/08/9794375/pro-poor-selection-seasonal-migrant-workers-tonga-under-new-zealands-recognized-seasonal-employer-program http://hdl.handle.net/10986/6786 |
| _version_ |
1764401074792300544 |