Palm kernel meal as a melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive filler for plywood applications

In this work, palm kernel meal (PKM) and palm shell (PS) were studied as a filler for wood adhesive formulations and their efficiency was compared with existing industrial flour (IF). Melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) was used as resin for formulating the wood adhesives. The effects of the natural fi...

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Main Authors:	Ong, Huei Ruey, Khan, Maksudur R., Prasad, D. M. Reddy, Yousuf, Abu, Chowdhury, M.N.K.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd. 2018
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22372/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22372/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22372/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22372/1/Palm%20kernel%20meal%20as%20a%20melamine%20urea%20formaldehyde%20adhesive%20filler%20for%20plywood%20applications.pdf

id	ump-22372
recordtype	eprints
spelling	ump-223722018-11-21T02:46:48Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22372/ Palm kernel meal as a melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive filler for plywood applications Ong, Huei Ruey Khan, Maksudur R. Prasad, D. M. Reddy Yousuf, Abu Chowdhury, M.N.K. TP Chemical technology In this work, palm kernel meal (PKM) and palm shell (PS) were studied as a filler for wood adhesive formulations and their efficiency was compared with existing industrial flour (IF). Melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) was used as resin for formulating the wood adhesives. The effects of the natural fillers (PKM and PS) on shear strength and formaldehyde emission of plywood were analyzed. The optimum hot press temperature and time were found to be 125 °C and 150 s, respectively. Both PKM and IF influenced the shear strength and formaldehyde emission characteristics, with the optimum concentration of filler being within the range of 13% to 18%. The physico-chemical interaction between the wood, resin and filler was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the interactions among C˭O groups on PKM and N‒H, O‒H groups on wood and MUF were identified. Apart from the bonding strength, the mechanical interlocking between adhesive and wood was found to be very important for adhesive performance which was dependent on the viscosity of the adhesive which in turn was controlled by the filler concentration. The wood –adhesive interface was examined using light microscopy (LM). Elsevier Ltd. 2018 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22372/1/Palm%20kernel%20meal%20as%20a%20melamine%20urea%20formaldehyde%20adhesive%20filler%20for%20plywood%20applications.pdf Ong, Huei Ruey and Khan, Maksudur R. and Prasad, D. M. Reddy and Yousuf, Abu and Chowdhury, M.N.K. (2018) Palm kernel meal as a melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive filler for plywood applications. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 85. pp. 8-14. ISSN 0143-7496 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.05.014 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.05.014
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
building	UMP Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Ong, Huei Ruey Khan, Maksudur R. Prasad, D. M. Reddy Yousuf, Abu Chowdhury, M.N.K. Palm kernel meal as a melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive filler for plywood applications
description	In this work, palm kernel meal (PKM) and palm shell (PS) were studied as a filler for wood adhesive formulations and their efficiency was compared with existing industrial flour (IF). Melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) was used as resin for formulating the wood adhesives. The effects of the natural fillers (PKM and PS) on shear strength and formaldehyde emission of plywood were analyzed. The optimum hot press temperature and time were found to be 125 °C and 150 s, respectively. Both PKM and IF influenced the shear strength and formaldehyde emission characteristics, with the optimum concentration of filler being within the range of 13% to 18%. The physico-chemical interaction between the wood, resin and filler was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the interactions among C˭O groups on PKM and N‒H, O‒H groups on wood and MUF were identified. Apart from the bonding strength, the mechanical interlocking between adhesive and wood was found to be very important for adhesive performance which was dependent on the viscosity of the adhesive which in turn was controlled by the filler concentration. The wood –adhesive interface was examined using light microscopy (LM).
format	Article
author	Ong, Huei Ruey Khan, Maksudur R. Prasad, D. M. Reddy Yousuf, Abu Chowdhury, M.N.K.
author_facet	Ong, Huei Ruey Khan, Maksudur R. Prasad, D. M. Reddy Yousuf, Abu Chowdhury, M.N.K.
author_sort	Ong, Huei Ruey
title	Palm kernel meal as a melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive filler for plywood applications
title_short	Palm kernel meal as a melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive filler for plywood applications
title_full	Palm kernel meal as a melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive filler for plywood applications
title_fullStr	Palm kernel meal as a melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive filler for plywood applications
title_full_unstemmed	Palm kernel meal as a melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive filler for plywood applications
title_sort	palm kernel meal as a melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive filler for plywood applications
publisher	Elsevier Ltd.
publishDate	2018
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22372/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22372/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22372/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22372/1/Palm%20kernel%20meal%20as%20a%20melamine%20urea%20formaldehyde%20adhesive%20filler%20for%20plywood%20applications.pdf
first_indexed	2023-09-18T22:33:16Z
last_indexed	2023-09-18T22:33:16Z
_version_	1777416427910725632

Palm kernel meal as a melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive filler for plywood applications

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