Building Engines for Growth and Competitiveness in China : Experience with Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters
China's meteoric economic rise over the past three decades is an unprecedented "growth miracle" in human history. Since the Open Door policy and reforms that began in 1978, China's gross domestic product (GDP) has been growing a...
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| Format: | Publication |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank
2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000334955_20100907031620 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2501 |
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okr-10986-2501 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM BANK LOANS BENCHMARKS BUSINESS ACTIVITIES BUSINESS ACTIVITY BUSINESS CENTER BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS NEEDS BUSINESS PLANNING BUSINESS SECTOR BUSINESS SERVICES BUSINESS VALUE BUSINESSES BUYERS CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMY COMMERCE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS COMPUTERS CONCESSIONARY TAX COPYRIGHT CORPORATE TAX RATE CREDIT POLICIES CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DIRECT INVESTMENTS DIVISION OF LABOR DOMESTIC MARKET DRIVERS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELECTRICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENABLING ENVIRONMENT ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE ENTRY BARRIERS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT EQUIPMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPENDITURE EXPORT GROWTH EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES EXTERNALITY FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL POLICIES FISHERIES FIXED INVESTMENT FOREIGN BANKS FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN TRADE FORESTRY FREE TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKET GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT POLICY GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HUMAN RESOURCES INCOME INCOME TAX INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE INDUSTRIALIZATION INFORMATION NETWORKS INFORMATION SERVICES INFORMATION SYSTEM INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION INNOVATION PROGRAM INNOVATIONS INSPECTION INSTITUTION INSURANCE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIARY ORGANIZATIONS INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTION JUDICIAL SYSTEM KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABORERS LEVEL PLAYING FIELD LICENSE LICENSES LOCAL ECONOMY LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL MARKET LOCAL MARKETS MANUFACTURING MARKET ACCESS MARKET COMPETITION MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET ECONOMY MARKET FAILURE MARKET PRICES MARKET SEGMENTS MARKETING MATERIAL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE MEDIUM ENTERPRISES MERCHANTS MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL ECONOMY NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES NETWORKS NEW TECHNOLOGIES OPPORTUNITY COST PATENTS PERFORMANCES PERSONAL COMPUTER PHOTO PHYSICAL LOCATION POLICY ENVIRONMENT POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC GOODS PURCHASING POWER QUALITY STANDARDS QUERIES R&D REAL GDP REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT RESULT RESULTS SATELLITE SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL NETWORKS STOCK EXCHANGE SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAINS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARGETS TAX TAX EXEMPTION TAX POLICIES TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REDUCTION TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING TECHNOLOGY PARK TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TELECOM TELEPHONE TELEPHONE LINES TRADE CREDITS TRADING TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TRUST FUND TURNOVER URBAN EMPLOYMENT USERS VALUE ADDED VALUE CHAIN VALUE CHAINS WAREHOUSE WEALTH WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM BANK LOANS BENCHMARKS BUSINESS ACTIVITIES BUSINESS ACTIVITY BUSINESS CENTER BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS NEEDS BUSINESS PLANNING BUSINESS SECTOR BUSINESS SERVICES BUSINESS VALUE BUSINESSES BUYERS CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMY COMMERCE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS COMPUTERS CONCESSIONARY TAX COPYRIGHT CORPORATE TAX RATE CREDIT POLICIES CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DIRECT INVESTMENTS DIVISION OF LABOR DOMESTIC MARKET DRIVERS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELECTRICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENABLING ENVIRONMENT ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE ENTRY BARRIERS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT EQUIPMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPENDITURE EXPORT GROWTH EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES EXTERNALITY FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL POLICIES FISHERIES FIXED INVESTMENT FOREIGN BANKS FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN TRADE FORESTRY FREE TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKET GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT POLICY GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HUMAN RESOURCES INCOME INCOME TAX INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE INDUSTRIALIZATION INFORMATION NETWORKS INFORMATION SERVICES INFORMATION SYSTEM INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION INNOVATION PROGRAM INNOVATIONS INSPECTION INSTITUTION INSURANCE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIARY ORGANIZATIONS INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTION JUDICIAL SYSTEM KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABORERS LEVEL PLAYING FIELD LICENSE LICENSES LOCAL ECONOMY LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL MARKET LOCAL MARKETS MANUFACTURING MARKET ACCESS MARKET COMPETITION MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET ECONOMY MARKET FAILURE MARKET PRICES MARKET SEGMENTS MARKETING MATERIAL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE MEDIUM ENTERPRISES MERCHANTS MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL ECONOMY NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES NETWORKS NEW TECHNOLOGIES OPPORTUNITY COST PATENTS PERFORMANCES PERSONAL COMPUTER PHOTO PHYSICAL LOCATION POLICY ENVIRONMENT POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC GOODS PURCHASING POWER QUALITY STANDARDS QUERIES R&D REAL GDP REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT RESULT RESULTS SATELLITE SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL NETWORKS STOCK EXCHANGE SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAINS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARGETS TAX TAX EXEMPTION TAX POLICIES TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REDUCTION TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING TECHNOLOGY PARK TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TELECOM TELEPHONE TELEPHONE LINES TRADE CREDITS TRADING TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TRUST FUND TURNOVER URBAN EMPLOYMENT USERS VALUE ADDED VALUE CHAIN VALUE CHAINS WAREHOUSE WEALTH WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Zeng, Douglas Zhihua Building Engines for Growth and Competitiveness in China : Experience with Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific East Asia Asia China |
| relation |
Directions in Development ; countries and regions |
| description |
China's meteoric economic rise over
the past three decades is an unprecedented "growth
miracle" in human history. Since the Open Door policy
and reforms that began in 1978, China's gross domestic
product (GDP) has been growing at an average annual rate of
more than 9 percent, with its global share increasing from 1
percent in 1980 to almost 6.5 percent in 2008 and its per
capita GDP increasing from US$193 to US$3,263. Total exports
have been growing at an average annual rate of 13 percent
(21.5 percent from 1998 to 2007), with China's share of
total exports increasing from 1.7 percent in 1980 to 9.5
percent in 2008. In 2007, China's incremental growth in
real GDP actually exceeded its entire real GDP in 1979. In
2010, China is set to outpace Japan and become the
world's second-largest economy. China has indisputably
become an important growth engine of the global economy and
a leader in international trade and investment. Rapid growth
in the past decades has helped lift more than 400 million
people out of poverty. These results are truly impressive.
While China's rapid rise has become a hot topic for
development debate among policy makers, business people, and
scholars all over the world, the numerous special economic
zones (SEZs) and industrial clusters that have sprung up
since the reforms are undoubtedly two important engines for
driving the country's growth. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
Zeng, Douglas Zhihua |
| author_facet |
Zeng, Douglas Zhihua |
| author_sort |
Zeng, Douglas Zhihua |
| title |
Building Engines for Growth and
Competitiveness in China : Experience with Special Economic
Zones and Industrial Clusters |
| title_short |
Building Engines for Growth and
Competitiveness in China : Experience with Special Economic
Zones and Industrial Clusters |
| title_full |
Building Engines for Growth and
Competitiveness in China : Experience with Special Economic
Zones and Industrial Clusters |
| title_fullStr |
Building Engines for Growth and
Competitiveness in China : Experience with Special Economic
Zones and Industrial Clusters |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Building Engines for Growth and
Competitiveness in China : Experience with Special Economic
Zones and Industrial Clusters |
| title_sort |
building engines for growth and
competitiveness in china : experience with special economic
zones and industrial clusters |
| publisher |
World Bank |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000334955_20100907031620 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2501 |
| _version_ |
1764385557926903808 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-25012021-04-23T14:02:02Z Building Engines for Growth and Competitiveness in China : Experience with Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters Zeng, Douglas Zhihua ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM BANK LOANS BENCHMARKS BUSINESS ACTIVITIES BUSINESS ACTIVITY BUSINESS CENTER BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS NEEDS BUSINESS PLANNING BUSINESS SECTOR BUSINESS SERVICES BUSINESS VALUE BUSINESSES BUYERS CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMY COMMERCE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS COMPUTERS CONCESSIONARY TAX COPYRIGHT CORPORATE TAX RATE CREDIT POLICIES CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS CLEARANCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DIRECT INVESTMENTS DIVISION OF LABOR DOMESTIC MARKET DRIVERS E-MAIL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELECTRICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENABLING ENVIRONMENT ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE ENTRY BARRIERS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT EQUIPMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPENDITURE EXPORT GROWTH EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES EXTERNALITY FINANCIAL SUPPORT FISCAL POLICIES FISHERIES FIXED INVESTMENT FOREIGN BANKS FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN TRADE FORESTRY FREE TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKET GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT POLICY GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH RATE HUMAN RESOURCES INCOME INCOME TAX INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE INDUSTRIALIZATION INFORMATION NETWORKS INFORMATION SERVICES INFORMATION SYSTEM INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION INNOVATION PROGRAM INNOVATIONS INSPECTION INSTITUTION INSURANCE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIARY ORGANIZATIONS INTERMEDIATE GOODS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTION JUDICIAL SYSTEM KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABORERS LEVEL PLAYING FIELD LICENSE LICENSES LOCAL ECONOMY LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL MARKET LOCAL MARKETS MANUFACTURING MARKET ACCESS MARKET COMPETITION MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET ECONOMY MARKET FAILURE MARKET PRICES MARKET SEGMENTS MARKETING MATERIAL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE MEDIUM ENTERPRISES MERCHANTS MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL ECONOMY NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCES NETWORKS NEW TECHNOLOGIES OPPORTUNITY COST PATENTS PERFORMANCES PERSONAL COMPUTER PHOTO PHYSICAL LOCATION POLICY ENVIRONMENT POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC GOODS PURCHASING POWER QUALITY STANDARDS QUERIES R&D REAL GDP REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT RESULT RESULTS SATELLITE SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL NETWORKS STOCK EXCHANGE SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAINS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARGETS TAX TAX EXEMPTION TAX POLICIES TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX REDUCTION TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING TECHNOLOGY PARK TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TELECOM TELEPHONE TELEPHONE LINES TRADE CREDITS TRADING TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TRUST FUND TURNOVER URBAN EMPLOYMENT USERS VALUE ADDED VALUE CHAIN VALUE CHAINS WAREHOUSE WEALTH WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO China's meteoric economic rise over the past three decades is an unprecedented "growth miracle" in human history. Since the Open Door policy and reforms that began in 1978, China's gross domestic product (GDP) has been growing at an average annual rate of more than 9 percent, with its global share increasing from 1 percent in 1980 to almost 6.5 percent in 2008 and its per capita GDP increasing from US$193 to US$3,263. Total exports have been growing at an average annual rate of 13 percent (21.5 percent from 1998 to 2007), with China's share of total exports increasing from 1.7 percent in 1980 to 9.5 percent in 2008. In 2007, China's incremental growth in real GDP actually exceeded its entire real GDP in 1979. In 2010, China is set to outpace Japan and become the world's second-largest economy. China has indisputably become an important growth engine of the global economy and a leader in international trade and investment. Rapid growth in the past decades has helped lift more than 400 million people out of poverty. These results are truly impressive. While China's rapid rise has become a hot topic for development debate among policy makers, business people, and scholars all over the world, the numerous special economic zones (SEZs) and industrial clusters that have sprung up since the reforms are undoubtedly two important engines for driving the country's growth. 2012-03-19T09:35:03Z 2012-03-19T09:35:03Z 2010 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000334955_20100907031620 978-0-8213-8432-9 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2501 English Directions in Development ; countries and regions CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication East Asia and Pacific East Asia Asia China |